1. New Horizons in Two Hemispheres
US IMPERIALISM
New Horizons in Two Hemispheres

2. US POLICY in Asia

3. Sakoku – “Closed Country”

4. Commodore Matthew Perry

5. Perry at Edo, 1853 Tokugawa Shogunate U.S. wants Japan open to trade
Rapid modern-ization of Japan in late 1800s
Edo = Tokyo

6. Treaty of Kanagawa, 1854 Japanese ports open to U.S. merchants
Largely beneficial for both sides

7. “Picture Brides”

8. Japanese Immigration to U.S.

9. Russo-Japanese War,

10. Russo-Japanese War, 1904-1905 Naval war
“First time the yellow man beat the white man”

11. Treaty of Portsmouth, 1905 U.S. negotiates peace
Nobel Peace Prize for Teddy Roosevelt

12. Gentlemen’s Agreement
Issues
Education of Japanese-American children
Restriction on further Japanese immigration

13. The Great White Fleet,

14. Root-Takahira Agreement
US & Japan recognize each other’s colonial claims

15. Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882
Nativism

16. Open Door Policy, 1899 How can the U.S. trade with China?
John Hay’s “Open Door Policy”
China should be open to trade with all nations

17. Open Door Policy, 1899

18. Spheres of Influence vs. Open Door

19. The Boxer Rebellion, 1900 Chinese rebellion against foreign control
Trade
Missionaries
Xenophobia

20. The Boxer Rebellion, 1900

21. American View of Hawaiians
1848 – Hawaii becomes an American protectorate
Economic treaties
How does this image compare to Kipling’s concept of the White Man’s Burden?

22. “Hawaii for Hawaiians”
Hawaiian Leaders
Queen Liliuokalani
“Hawaii for Hawaiians”
Overthrown in 1893

23. Overthrow of the Queen
U.S. Marines in Honolulu, 1893

24. Hawaiian Leaders Sanford Dole, Hawaiian-born white
Pineapple planter, missionary
Becomes president of Hawaiian provisional government, 1895

25. Annexation of Hawaii, 1898

26. “Banana Republics”
Hawaii, Central America & Caribbean

27. “Banana Republics”

28. Pearl Harbor…

29. Latin America and the Caribbean

30. Puerto Rico 1898 – Annexation
1900 – Foraker Act: limited self-government
1917 – U.S. citizenship

31. The Insular Cases
What rights do the inhabitants of these new U.S. territories have?
Supreme Court decision
Citizenship, but limited voting rights
(Insular = “island”)

32. Building a Canal in Central America

33. Western Hemisphere

34. Panama Railroad, 1867

35. Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, 1901
Britain gives up claims to Panama Canal
Britain cultivates close relations with U.S….
Why? – threat of Germany

36. Colombia or Lake Nicaragua?

37. The New Nation of Panama
Panamanian revolt against Colombia

38. Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty, 1903

39. Teddy Shovels Dirt on Colombia

40. The Panama Canal
Teddy Roosevelt

41. The Culebra Cut

42. George Goethals

43. The Workers

44. William Gorgas & Walter Reed

45. Tonic Water: Quinine

46. A Much Shorter Trip…
Impact
Commercial
Military

47. The Canal Today

48. Teddy’s Crown

49. The Debate Over Imperialism

50. Opposing Views

51. Teddy Roosevelt, Imperialist

52. Mark Twain, Anti-Imperialist
“We have pacified some thousands of the islanders and buried them; destroyed their fields; burned their villages and turned their widows and orphans out-of-doors…
“And so, by these Providences of God – and the phrase is the government’s, not mine – we are a World Power.”
-Twain on the Filipino rebellion

53. Anti-Imperialist League
Founded in 1899
Mark Twain
Andrew Carnegie
William James
William Jennings Bryan

54. “The Cares of a Growing Family”

55. Three Policies Roosevelt Taft Wilson
“Big Stick Diplomacy”/Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
Taft
“Dollar Diplomacy”
Wilson
“Missionary/Moral Diplomacy”

56. Roosevelt Corollary, 1905
“Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power.”

57. “Constable of the World”

58. T.R.’s Big Stick Diplomacy

59. The Big Stick in Action

60. Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy
Anti-American mood in Latin America
American investment in Latin America

61. Foreign Investment All U.S. Global Investments
Breakdown of Investments in Latin America

62. In Conclusion…

63. U.S. Joins the Imperial Club