1. A child’s first years
0ne to Three
Chapters 10,11,12

2. Chapter 10- Physical Hygiene
Teeth-
-Diet: Vitamin D and Calcium
- water with fluoride
-limit sweets/sugar
- 2 yr. olds can practice brushing teeth. 3 yr. olds still need help.
Toileting-
-Child must be able to control bladder and bowel functions (sphincter muscles) and remove clothes easily.
- Calm environment
- Child shows interest

3. Bath Time-
- Daily bath routine
- Make fun and enjoyable
- 1 yr: wash face and stomach
-- 2 yr: wash, rinse, and dry all but back
- 3 yr: wash with supervision
Dressing-
- Encourage when child shows interest.
- Practice: requires gross and fine motor skills that are learned one at a time.
- Patience: child may put on clothes backwards, inside out, mismatched.

4. Sleep
By 2 morning naps stop but afternoon naps continue for years. Nighttime sleep increases. 2 and 3 year olds sleep from hours a day. Night Terrors- a sleep disturbance during the first few hours of sleep. The child’s eyes open and they may scream. Establish a nightly routine. (brushing teeth, reading stories, sing)

5. Health, Illness, Safety Checkups Immunizations Child Proof a Home
Most have at 1 year, again in 3 months, 3 more, and again 6 months later.
Include growth measurements, examine ears, eyes, teeth, genitals, and other body parts.
Immunizations
Protect from disease by giving of a vaccine.
Spread easily in childcare centers and preschools.
Complications are rare. Physicians recommend to have all by age 2.
Child Proof a Home
Seated while eating to prevent choking.
Age appropriate toys.
Lock up all poisonous chemicals and cleaning products.

6. Chapter 11- Emotional
Self Centered- thinking about own needs and wants not others.
Negativism- doing the opposite of what others want.
Temper Tantrums- screaming, crying, kicking, pounding.
Sibling Rivalry- competition for affection and attention.
Separation anxiety- fear of being away from parents, caregivers, or familiar environment.

7. Self Concept-how you see yourself; can be present, past, or future
Phobia- abnormal fear. Likely to develop in shy and withdrawn children.
Self Concept-how you see yourself; can be present, past, or future
Sleep Deprived- lack of sleep may affect temperament.

8. Chapter 11- Social
Socialization- process of getting along with family and others.
Parallel Play- play near but not with others.
Cooperative Play- playing with others

9. Social Development
Large amount of development between 18 months and two years.
Children may feel defiant at 18 months- attempt to take control over their life.
2 years- child is affectionate and may be in caregivers way often.
2 ½: Child may be overwhelmed, frustration will become anger
3: Generally happy and eager to help
3 ½: Often bothered by fears

10. Emotions Jealousy often leads to sibling rivalry
Set aside one on one time
Avoid comparison comments
Make sure children feel loved and appreciated
Phobias can lead to separation anxiety
Can experience this often at this age.
Leaves parents feeling guilty
Use specifics about return rather than time

11. Chapter 12- Intellectual
Intelligence- ability to interpret and understand situations and make connections to past experiences. Incidental Learning- unplanned learning Trail-and-Error learning- experimenting: trying several solutions before finding one that works.

12. Imitation- watching and copying others
Imitation- watching and copying others. Directed Learning- result of being taught intentionally by parent or teacher. Creativity- imagination is used to produce original ideas. Ex: drawing, finger painting, stories.

13. Questions Answser on back of notes
Why are raisins not a good snack for children?
How does enough sleep relate to emotional control?
What are some ways to help toddlers develop good social skills?
What causes negativism in a toddler?
How can a caregiver encourage imagination and creativity in their child?