1. Nonvascular Plant Characteristics
No transport tissues  osmosis & diffusion to get water and minerals
Must live in damp areas because water is needed for reproduction
Smaller than vascular plants

2. Nonvascular Plant Examples
Mosses
Hornworts
Liverworts

3. Plant Adaptations to Land
Algae (protist) and plants have a common ancestor
The ancestor had to survive drought
Through natural selection plants inherited drought resistant adaptations

4. Plant Adaptations to Land
Cuticle – waxy outer covering. Prevents evaporation & acts as a barrier to invading microorganisms
Stomata – Opening in leaves. Allows exchange of gasses for photosynthesis.
What gas comes in?
What gas comes out?
CO2 O2

5. Land Adaptations Cont’d
Vascular tissue – Xylem & Phloem
Xylem: movement of water (with dissolved minerals) from the roots to the leaves
Phloem: movement of water & glucose up and down the leaf (roots to leaves AND leaves to roots)

6. Xylem & Phloem

7. Reproductive Land Adaptations
No longer need water for reproduction
Allow survival in harsh environments and sprout in favorable conditions
Spores: lightweight haploid reproductive cells that can be carried by wind
Seeds: contain an embryo & nutrients for embryo covered in a protective coat.

8. Plant Reproduction – Alternation of Generations
Haploid Gametophyte Generation: produces gametes
Diploid Sporophyte Generation: sperm & egg meet to form multicellular sporophyte. Sporophyte form spores that will grow to form next gametophyte generation
Most plants spend most time (or dominant generation) in sporophyte generation

9. Alternation of Generations