1. 5/1 Agenda Sickle Cell Anemia Review Group Review Activities
Turn in: FRQ question
Homework:
1. Enzyme Video and Notes
2. Protein Synthesis Video and Notes
3. Write your own MC questions about protein synthesis and enzymes (3 questions for each topic- total 6 questions)

2. 6 Degrees of Separation Sickle Cell  Evolution
Sickle Cell  Natural Selection
Sickle Cell Protein Structure
Sickle Cell  DNA Mutations
Sickle Cell  Genetics
Sickle Cell  Heterozygote Advantage

3. Sickle Cell
Sickle Cell is an example of a point mutation (1 base pair difference in DNA sequence)
Changes a glutamine for a valine in the amino acid chain
Valine has different interactions with amino acid chain resulting in a ‘clumped’ secondary structure
The ‘clumped’ protein structure results in sickle shaped blood cells
These sickle shaped blood cells prevent malaria infection
Sickle Cell traits are more common in areas where malaria is endemic
Individuals with the sickle cell trait are less likely to die from malaria—selective advantage, but they have sickle cell—selective disadvantage
Individuals that are heterozygous have some abnormal shaped blood cells but few malaria symptoms – selective advantage
Heterozygote Advantage
Sickle cell is a recessive trait, so two copies must be inherited for the disease to show

4. Sickle Cell and DNA Mutations
DNA  RNA  Protein

5. Sickle Cell and Protein Structure
Primary- amino acid sequence held together by peptide bonds
Secondary- alpha helix and beta pleated sheets held together by hydrogen bonds
Tertiary- hydrophobic interactions, Van er Waals forces, ionic bonds, covalent bonds, disulfide bridges between helices or sheets
Quaternary- hydrophobic interactions, Van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, covalent bonds, disulfide bridges between polypeptide chains

6. Sickle Cell and Protein Structure

7. Sickle Cell and Natural Selection
Individuals with sickle cell are immune to malaria
Sickle Cell represents a selective advantage to individuals living in an area where malaria is endemic
In those areas, individuals with the sickle cell trait survived longer and reproduced more, passing the sickle cell trait on
Over time, the sickle cell trait became more common
Change in allele frequency = evolution
In areas with no malaria, NOT have sickle cell is advantageous  less common

8. Sickle Cell and Natural Selection

9. Sickle Cell and Heterozygote Advantage
The heterozygous genotype has a selective advantage over homozygous dominant or recessive
Allows a ‘diseased’ allele to persist in a population

10. Sickle Cell and Genetics
Example of codominance
Both traits show up in the heterozygous genotype
Heterozygous is advantageous
More common in populations where malaria is endemic

11. Sickle Cell and Genetics

12. Sickle Cell Anemia Group Review
In your group, each person will pick TWO topics
Natural Selection
Protein Structure
DNA Mutations
Protein Synthesis
Genetics
Each person is responsible for creating 1 review resource for that topic
Include things like…
Explanations of all key words
Diagrams/Pictures/Graphs
Connection to any labs or math problems
Practice FRQ or MC problems
Anything else helpful
Posters, concept maps, flashcards, quizlets are all acceptable
The last 15 minutes of class will be spent with you presenting to your group
I expect a more in depth level of detail that what we went over in these slides
Each topic will be a separate classwork grade