1. Southwest Asia
Physical Geography

2. Mountains The major mountain ranges in this area are:
Hindu Kush Mountains (Afghanistan)
Taurus Mountains (Turkey)
Zagros Mountains (Iran)

5. Climate
The most common climates in this area are desert (arid) and semiarid.
The Dasht-e Kavir (Great Salt Desert) covers most of Iran.
The Rub al-Khali is located on the Arabian Peninsula (Saudi Arabia/Oman/UAE/Yemen.

8. Wadis and Oases
An oasis is an area in the desert where vegetation can grow because water is near the surface or on the surface.
A wadi is a dry riverbed in a desert that fills up when it rains.

11. Water Features The Nile River in Egypt
The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Iraq
The Jordan River on the border of Jordan and Israel

15. Strategic Waterways
The Middle East has many strategic waterways, or narrow bodies of water that are important for trade or defense.

16. Bosporus and Dardanelles
The Bosporus and Dardanelles connect the Black Sea with the Mediterranean Sea.
Istanbul is an important city because it is located on the Bosporus and controls this important trade route.

18. Strait of Hormuz
The Strait of Hormuz connects the Persian Gulf with the Arabian Sea.
Iran is on one side of the strait and the U.A.E. and Oman are on the other side.
The strait is important because most of the oil in the world must be transported from the Persian Gulf to world markets.

20. Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf is also known as the Arabian Gulf.
The term Arabian Gulf is used by Arab countries near the Persian Gulf such as Saudi Arabia, Oman, and the U.A.E. but it is not recognized by the United Nations.

23. Red Sea
The Red Sea is connected to the Mediterranean Sea by the Suez Canal.
The Suez Canal does not have locks like the Panama Canal or the St. Lawrence Seaway because there is no change in elevation.