1. Fast Computed Tomography for Quantitative Cardiac Analysis—State of the Art and Future Perspectives 
ERIK L. RITMAN, M.D., Ph.D. 
Mayo Clinic Proceedings 
Volume 65, Issue 10, Pages (October 1990)
DOI: /S (12)
Copyright © 1990 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Schematic diagram of three types of computer-generated displays, produced by using three-dimensional imaging data from multislice fast computed tomography. DSR = dynamic spatial reconstructor. A, Slice image, which simulates sector echocardiographic images. B, Projection image, which simulates cineangiograms. C, Surface display image, which simulates the actual three-dimensional structure itself.
(From Sinak LJ, Hoffman EA, Schwartz RS, Smith HC, Holmes DR Jr, Bove AA, Robb RA, Harris LD, Ritman EL: Three-dimensional cardiac anatomy and function in heart disease in adults: initial results with the dynamic spatial reconstructor. Mayo Clin Proc 60: , 1985.)
Mayo Clinic Proceedings  , DOI: ( /S (12) )
Copyright © 1990 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Left Panel, Comparison between dynamic spatial reconstructor (DSR)-based volume measurements of three in situ cast and cast components and water displacement measurements. Maximal discrepancy was 5% for structures larger than 11 ml and 10% for structures smaller than 11 ml. Right Panel, Comparison of circumferences of the casts determined from DSR-derived cross-sectional reconstruction and sections of actual cast. Both reconstructed cast and actual cast were sectioned in a similar orientation with reference to three lead markers embedded in the cast and which defined a plane through the atrioventricular junction perpendicular to the left ventricular long axis. LVOT = left ventricular outflow tract.
(From Hoffman and Ritman.14 By permission of the Radiological Society of North America.)
Mayo Clinic Proceedings  , DOI: ( /S (12) )
Copyright © 1990 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Left Panel, Fast computed tomography (CT)-derived left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV) plotted against LVSV determined by electromagnetic flowmeter (EMF). Right Panel, Fast CT-derived regurgitant stroke volume (RgV—computed as difference between left and right ventricular stroke volumes) plotted against value determined by EMF.
(From Reiter and associates.18 By permission of the American Heart Association, Inc.)
Mayo Clinic Proceedings  , DOI: ( /S (12) )
Copyright © 1990 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Phasic distention of pulmonary arteries in systole versus diastole in one control pig (Left Panel) and one pig with an aorta-to-pulmonary artery (A-P) shunt (Right Panel). The x- and y-axes present systolic and diastolic cross-sectional area, respectively. Data in left panel reflect greater compliance of vessel, whereas those in right panel show reduced compliance—that is, no change in vessel cross-sectional area is noted with change in pressure.
(From Wu and associates.32 By permission of Alan R. Liss, Inc.)
Mayo Clinic Proceedings  , DOI: ( /S (12) )
Copyright © 1990 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
Four projection dissolution displays computed from a single three-dimensional “volume” image generated from a scan sequence recorded during a single aortic root injection of iohexol contrast medium. Different views such as these were used for detection of coronary stenoses in each dog. A 54% stenosis is clearly visible in proximal segment of left circumflex coronary artery in all four views, but the 26% stenosis in proximal segment of left anterior descending coronary artery is visible in only right upper and right lower panels.
(From Spyra and associates.34 By permission of J. B. Lippincott Company.)
Mayo Clinic Proceedings  , DOI: ( /S (12) )
Copyright © 1990 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 6
Calculated cross-sectional area of left main, left anterior descending, and circumflex coronary arteries (Cor. Art.) from quantitative coronary angiography (shaded area) and from dynamic spatial reconstructor (DSR) with use of calibrated brightness-area product.
(From Bove and associates.36 By permission of Reed Publishing USA.)
Mayo Clinic Proceedings  , DOI: ( /S (12) )
Copyright © 1990 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

8. Fig. 7
Quantitation of image brightness is performed by adding the mean increase of image brightness (above background brightness present before angiography) of all picture elements within the outlined area of interest. The investigator “draws” this sampling area with a trackball-type device. These regions of interest (ROI) can provide differentiation of transmural regions (as illustrated here) and of circumferential regions.
Mayo Clinic Proceedings  , DOI: ( /S (12) )
Copyright © 1990 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions