1. Volume 59, Issue 1, Pages 106-112 (January 2011)
Raman Molecular Imaging: A Novel Spectroscopic Technique for Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer in Urine Specimens 
Amos Shapiro, Ofer. N. Gofrit, Galina Pizov, Jeffrey Kirk Cohen, John Maier 
European Urology 
Volume 59, Issue 1, Pages (January 2011)
DOI: /j.eururo
Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Schematic diagram of the ChemImage FALCON microscope instrumentation used for Raman molecular imaging in this investigation.
LC TF=liquid crystal tunable filter; CCD=charge-coupled device.
European Urology  , DOI: ( /j.eururo )
Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Raman spectrum obtained from urothelial carcinoma (dashed) and from three cases of normal bladder tissue (solid). The high 2950-cm−1 wave signals the C–H bond and is present in any biologic material. The 1600-cm−1 wave is typical to human tissues. Notice that a 1584-cm−1 wave is present in malignant tissue only.
European Urology  , DOI: ( /j.eururo )
Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Raman spectrum obtained from high-grade urothelial carcinoma (UC; dashed) tissue, low-grade UC tissue (dotted), and normal tissue (solid). The 1584-cm−1 wave is higher in high-grade tumors but is also present in low-grade tissue.
European Urology  , DOI: ( /j.eururo )
Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
The Raman spectrum of high-grade urothelial carcinoma tissue (dashed) and cells from a touch prep of the tissue (solid). The spectra of the cell and tissue were virtually identical.
European Urology  , DOI: ( /j.eururo )
Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
Raman spectra of cumulative single, exemplary cells from cases of high-grade (solid bold), low-grade (dotted), and normal cells (solid). The figures at the right show the digital microscopy images of the cells from which the spectra were acquired as they appear on the FALCON RMI microscope.
European Urology  , DOI: ( /j.eururo )
Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 6
Segmental view (fingerprint) of the 693–1800cm−1. The thresholds used to determine cancer grade classification are indicated.
ROI=region of interest.
European Urology  , DOI: ( /j.eururo )
Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

8. Fig. 7
A scatter plot of the spectra used to develop the model projected onto a plane in principal component analysis. The color-coded figure at the right indicates the classification of the spectra based on the location in the scatter plot, as indicated by the colored ovals.
PC=principal component.
European Urology  , DOI: ( /j.eururo )
Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions