1. The Brain Integrator and Organizer

5. Front  The Brain cerebral cortex cerebral hemisphere corpus callosum
cerebellum
pineal
cerebral hemisphere
cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
thalamus
hypothalamus
optic nerve
pons
medulla oblongata
Front 

6. The Brain The brain is the body’s master control center.
The brain receives, integrates, stores and retrieves information.
The brain coordinates responses by intricately adjusting activities throughout the body.
The brain can be divided into five different gross regions.
hindbrain
midbrain
forebrain
reticular formation
cavities and canals

7. The Brain - Hindbrain
The hindbrain includes the cerebellum, medulla oblongata and pons.
medulla oblongata
respiration
blood circulation
coordination of motor responses
sleep wake cycle
cerebellum
integration of signals from the eye, ears, periphery
motor dexterity
pons
traffic center and organizer

8. The Brain - Midbrain
The midbrain coordinates reflex responses to sights and sounds.
made up of the tectum
fishes and amphibians - coordinates all sensory input and integrates all motor responses.

9. Limbic system Amygdala – emotion and memory NMDA receptors
Hippocampus – learning and memory
GABA receptors
Basal ganglia (corpus striatum) – control of movement

10. The Brain - Forebrain
The forebrain contains the cerebrum, thalamus and hypothalamus.
cerebrum
allows for sense of smell
makes up the two hemispheres
thalamus
coordinates signals from the brain stem and sends organized signals to the cerebrum
hypothalamus
monitors internal organ status
influence behavior
thirst
hunger
sex

11. The Brain - Reticular Formation
The reticular formation is an intense mesh work of interneurons that connect all brain regions.
The reticular formation extends from the anterior end of the spinal cord to the highest integrative centers of the cerebral cortex.

12. The Brain - Cavities and Canals
A hollow neural tube extends through the center of the brain.
It is filled with fluid, cerebral spinal fluid, secreted from cells that line this canal.
CSF cushions the vital nervous system from sudden, jarring movements.

13. The Brain - Cerebrum
The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres, left and right.
Each hemisphere can function alone.
The right hemisphere receives information from the left side of the body and visa-versa.
The corpus callosum integrates the functioning of both hemispheres.
Speech, math and analytical skills are centered in the left hemisphere.
Nonverbal, abstract skills - spatial abilities and music are localized to the right hemisphere.

14. The Brain - Cerebral Cortex
The cerebral cortex is a thin layer of cells (gray matter; cell bodies of interneurons) at or near the cerebrums surface.
The cortex is divided into lobes
occipital
rear portion
vision center
temporal
near each temple
processing center for hearing and associations with vision
emotional behavior
frontal
coordination of motor responses
parietal
somatosensory - receives input from the skin and periphery

15. General Overview of Cortex

16. Types of Sensory Receptors:
Chemoreceptors
Examples:
Mechanoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Photoreceptors
Nociceptors
Muscle tension/length, blood pressure, pH/O2 content of blood, pH of CSF, lung inflation, osmolarity of body fluids, blood glucose, distention of gut

17. Primary Motor and Sensory Cortex

18. Motor Cortex
frontal
temporal
parietal
occipital

19. PET Scan - Visual Stimulation
frontal
temporal
parietal
occipital

20. PET Scan - Observing Complex Stimuli
VIEWING WORDS
frontal
temporal
parietal
occipital

21. Somatosensory Cortex
frontal
temporal
parietal
occipital

22. The Limbic System - Emotion & Memory

23. The Brain and Behavior
The limbic system is responsible for the emotional aspects of life.
The limbic system is evolutionary from the occipital lobes
corpus callosum
thalamus/hypothalamus
amygdala
hippocampus