1. The Immune System

2. Non-specific response is a part of Innate immunity.

3. Non-Specific First Line of Defense Skin Oil Sweat
Create an acidic environment that is unfavorable for certain pathogens

4. Mucus
Particles become trapped in mucus and are moved up and out of the body by cilia beating upward.
We cough or sneeze to get rid of the mucus
Mucus we swallow is sent to the stomach where enzymes and the acidic environment kill bacteria and other pathogens.

5. Tears
Contain enzyme called lysozyme.

6. Second Line of Defense White Blood Cells
White blood cells intiate an ­­­­­Immune Response.
Think of a fire ant bite. The skin is broken allowing the toxin into the blood stream. The skin around the bite becomes red, itchy, swollen, painful, itchy and hot.
White blood cells travel to infected tissue and release a chemical signal that causes the immune system to make more white blood cells.

7. Some white blood cells engulf pathogens through endocytosis.
A fever is caused when white blood cells release a chemical that triggers the hypothalamus to raise the body temperature. This causes white blood cells to mature at a faster rate and makes an unfavorable environment for the invader.

8. Specific Immunity is a part of acquired immunity.

9. Cellular Immunity depends on T Cells.
Third Line of Defense
Cellular Immunity depends on T Cells.
As white blood cells engulf the pathogen, they display the pathogens protein markers on its surface for T cells to recognize.
As T lymphocytes bind to these white blood cells it activates the development of more T cells

10. Two Types of T Cells Helper T Cells Killer T Cells
Stimulate Killer T Cells
Makes memory cells
Killer T Cells
Travel to infected site and attaches to the infected cell then releases enzymes to destroy it.

11. Antibody Immunity depends on B Cells.
These are memory cells

12. Remember the antigen and produce antibodies
Recognize the antigen so if it sees it again it can automatically start producing more antibodies
Antigen=bacteria, viruses, or other foreign cells
Antibody=protein carried in the bloodstream that binds to an antigen
Antibodies are Y shaped and bind to an antigen like the lock and key model.
Specific to each invader so each time an new disease is contracted new antibodies must be made.

13. HIV-Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Attacks Helper T Cells
So immune system is unable to issue an adequate response
Leave body unable to defend itself

14. Vaccines Artificially produces acquired immunity
Contain weakened antigen of specific pathogens
Causes the immune system to produce memory cells of B and T lymphocytes.
These are stored so if the body comes into contact with this antigen it will be able to produce antibodies at a faster rate.