1. 2. 1: The Nature of Matter Objectives:
* To learn about the composition of matter
* To learn the difference between elements and compounds
* To define the three states of matter

2. A. THE PARTICULATE NATURE of MATTER
Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space
Stars, air, chair, cake, brain tissue…

3. The Atomic Nature of Matter
-All matter consists of ATOMS
Why can’t we see the atoms?
Think about the beach… The sand looks uniform but as we get closer we can see all of the tiny particles

5. Although objects in the macroscopic world typically look uniform, they are really particulate in nature- they are made of atoms!!!
We can only see them with powerful electronic microscopes

6. B. ELEMENTS and COMPOUNDS
*Matter is composed of tiny particles called ATOMS!
Atom= fundamental unit of which elements are made
All matter is composed from about 100 different types of atoms

7. Analogy… Think of the matter in the universe like the words in a book.
We can construct thousands of words with just 26 letters.
The matter in the universe is constructed by about 100 types of atoms together in different ways.
100 types of atoms= the ELEMENTS of the universe

8. Examples:
A D M
MAD
DAM
DAD
MADMA

9. Examples with Elements
H O
H2O2
H20

10. Compounds
Just as letters combine to form different words, ATOMS combine to form different COMPOUNDS.
Compounds:
*2 or more different types of atoms bound together in a particular way
*Always contains atoms of different elements

11. Some common compounds Atom Combinations Name Characteristics
Carbon monoxide
poisonous gas
Carbon Dioxide
breathe it out, plants use it to make oxygen
Water
most important liquid on Earth
Hydrogen Peroxide
disinfect cuts, bleach hair,

12. Molecule -Made up of atoms that are stuck together
“A collection of atoms bonded together that behave as a unit.”

13. The molecules in water are different from the molecules in dry ice (solid carbon dioxide)
A glass of water contains millions of tiny water molecules (H2O) packed closely together
Dry ice contains molecules(CO2) packed closely together

14. Elements *Substances that contain only one type of atom
Pure gold= only gold atoms
Iron= only iron atoms
Copper= only copper atoms

16. C. THE STATES OF MATTER Solid: Substance with a fixed shape and volume
Liquid: Substance with a definite volume that takes the shape of its container
Gas: Substance with no definite shape or volume

18. What happens to food coloring when we add it to water?
How do our observations support the idea that water is made up of moving molecules?

19. Review Questions 1. How do atoms, compounds, and elements differ?
2. Use the (letters) ‘elements’ in “CHEMISTRY” to make as many word ‘compounds’ as you can. How is an element different from a compound?
3. Draw an “atom” picture of a solid, liquid, and a gas. Describe the essential differences among them.