1. Chemistry – The Study of Matter
Alchemists hard at work.

2. Chemistry
The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes.
Branches:
Organic
Inorganic
Physical
Analytical
Biochemistry
Theoretical

3. Research – What are some ‘modern technologies’ that have impacted the way we live?
Basic Reasearch
Increasing knowledge
Applied Research
Solve a specific problem
Technological Development
Production and use of products to improve quality of life

4. Matter 4 states of matter Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) Solids
Liquids
Gases
Plasma
Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)
All matter is made of particles that are in constant motion

5. Solids
Very low KE – particles vibrate
Fixed shape
Fixed volume

6. Liquids Low KE – particles can move around but are close together
Variable shape
Fixed volume

7. Gases High KE – particles separate and move freely Variable shape
Variable volume

8. Plasma Very high KE Gas-like – variable shape and volume
particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles
Gas-like – variable shape and volume
Ex: stars, fluorescent light bulbs

9. The Four States of Matter
Solid, Liquid, Gas, and Plasma

10. Phases of Matter

11. Intensive v. Extensive Properties
Intensive property does NOT depend on sample size.
Ex: density, melting point
Extensive property does depend on sample size.
Ex: mass, volume, energy

12. Physical Properties and Changes
Can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
Examples:
Color
Viscosity
Melting and boiling points
Thermal conductivity
Electrical conductivity
More Examples:
Specific heat
Luster
State of matter
Phase changes
Magnetism
Solubility
Malleability
Ductility
Crystal Form
Tenacity

13. Chemical Properties and Changes
Ability to change into a new substance
Reactants become products
Examples:
Flammable
Rusting
Reactivity
Oxidation
Acidity/basisity
Corrosion
Inert

14. Chemical and Physical Properties

15. All chemical and physical changes involve ENERGY!!!

17. Signs of a Chemical Change
๏ change in color or odor
๏ formation of a gas
๏ formation of a precipitate (solid)
๏ production of light
๏ absorption or release of heat

18. Name that property
Honey and motor oil are very slow to pour. What property bests describes this property???
Viscosity
What property of liquids would you look for to start charcoal for a BBQ????
Flammability
Iron heats up faster than aluminum. What property is this????
Specific Heat

19. Name that property (more)
Paints made of silver are applied to the back of mirrors. What property of silver is useful????
Luster
The copper on the Statue of Liberty has turned green. What property is causing this???
Corrosion or Oxidation
Jewelry can be pounded to form artistic designs. What property is this????
Malleability

20. Name that property (still)
A good frying pan heats food evenly. What property of frying is this????
Thermal Conductivity
Quartz forms hexagons and diamonds form cubes. What property is this???
Crystal Form
You purchase a clear stone that might be a diamond. What simple test can you make to determine if it is actually a diamond???
Hardness

21. Name that property (lastly)
You accidentally drop an iron bolt into a hard-to-reach place in your automobile engine. What property of iron enables you to retrieve the bolt without having to find someone with small hands?
Magnetism

22. B. Physical vs. Chemical chemical physical Examples: rusting iron
dissolving in water
burning a log
melting ice
grinding spices

23. Solid Gas Liquid Melting Deposition Freezing Sublimation Condensation
Evaporation

25. Energy & Phase Changes
Heat of vaporization - Amount of heat needed to change a liquid into a gas at its boiling point
Heat of fusion - Amount of heat required to melt a solid at its melting point

27. Phase Change Diagram Show the changes of state for any subs.
Show the temperatures where the phase change occurs
Is more energy used to convert ice to water or water to steam?

28. Insert phase diagram on p. 49

31. Classification Flowchart
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution)
Is the composition uniform? no
yes
MATTER
Can it be physically separated?
Heterogeneous Mixture
Compound
Element
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE
Can it be chemically decomposed?
Colloids
Suspensions

32. Classification of Matter
Examples:
Graphite
Pepper
Sugar (sucrose)
Paint
Soda
Element
Heterogeneous mixture
Compound
Solution (homogeneous mixture

33. Pure Substances Element Composed of identical atoms
Ex: Copper wire, aluminum foil

34. Pure Substances Compounds C H O
Composed of two or more elements in a fixed ratio
Properties differ from individual elements
Ex: glucose, caffeine

35. Mixtures Combination of 2 or more pure substances Homogeneous mixtures
Colloids
Suspensions
Heterogeneous mixtures

36. Mixtures Homogeneous AKA: Solution
Very small particles that do not settle
No Tyndall effect
Ex: rubbing alcohol, salt water

37. Liquid Mixtures
Miscible – liquids are able to dissolve into each other
Homogeneous mixture of liquids
Gasoline = homo. mixture of 100 compounds
Immiscible – liquids are NOT able to dissolve into one another
Heterogeneous mixture of liquids
Oil and water will not mix

38. Mixtures Colloid Heterogeneous
Medium sized particles that do NOT settle
Tyndall effect
Ex: milk

39. Colloids scatter light, making a beam visible.
Which glass contains a colloid?
solution
colloid
Colloids scatter light, making a beam visible.

40. Smoke, airborne bacteria Solid
Examples of Colloids
Dispersing Medium
Dispersed Substance
Colloid Type
Fog, aerosol sprays
Gas
Liquid
Aerosol
Smoke, airborne bacteria
Solid
Whipped cream, soap suds
Foam
Milk, mayonnaise
Emulsion
Paint, clays, gelatin
Sol
Marshmallow, Styrofoam
Solid foam
Butter, cheese
Solid emulsion

41. Mixtures Suspension Heterogeneous Large particles that will settle
Tyndall effect
Ex: fresh squeezed lemonade

42. Mixtures – Colloid, suspension, or solution??
Examples
Mayonnaise
Muddy water
Fog
Salt water
Italian salad dressing
Colloid
Suspension
Solution

43. The Periodic Table Rows – Periods Columns – Groups or Families
Three main types of elements
Metals
Nonmetals
Metalloids

45. Metals
Conducts heat and electricity
Malleable
Ductile

46. Nonmetals
Many are gases at room temperature
Solids are brittle

47. Metalloids Touch the stair-step line (except Al)
Some characteristics of metals and nonmetals
Semiconductors