1. Plans for Widescale Deployment and Barriers to Implementation
John Gale
IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme

2. Introduction Review plans in countries to deploy CCS
Before we can move to wide scale implementation need to demonstrate and build confidence in the technology
Plans for CCS Demonstration plants
European Commission
Member States
USA
Australia
Review barriers to implementation

3. Proposed Integrated CCS Projects in Europe
Halten
Mongstad
DF1
Karsto
E.ON
Centrica
Scottish & Southern Energy
Vattenfall
Powerfuel
Nuon
GE/Polish Utility
RWE
RWE
Port of Rotterdam
Siemens
Key
Pre-Combustion
IGCC
Post-Combustion
Oxy-Combustion

4. European Commission Plans
COM(2006)843, , Sustainable power generation from fossil fuels: aiming for near-zero emissions from coal by 2020
Key actions included:
Make demonstration of sustainable fossil fuel technologies a priority research topic for
Substantial increase in EC R&D funding
Member states to make an equal commitment
Options to support up to 12 large scale demonstrations
All plants will need to be ‘capture ready’

5. What is ‘Capture Ready’
IEA GHG has produced a headline summary of Capture Ready considerations
Carry out a study of capture retrofit options
Leave space and access for capture plant
Identify a reasonable route to storage of CO2
Major pre-investment is unlikely to be worthwhile unless capture is going to be retrofitted soon after plant start-up

6. (Site of existing power plant)
CO2 Capture Ready Plant
‘Capture Ready’ area
(Site of existing power plant)
Proposed ‘capture ready’ power plant at Tilbury Courtesy RWE Npower

7. United Kingdom UK currently has proposals for 8 demonstration projects
UK Government has announced plans to support one demonstration project
Competition to be held in early 2007 with decision by end of 2007
Details not announced yet
Guidelines
Project in UK and have a comprehensive engineering design
Will cover full CCS chain
At least 300MWe
Store at least 0.25mT/y CO2
UK Government will support capture and storage component not full plant
Plant to be operational between 2011 and 2017
UK will announce regulatory framework in Late 2007 for off-shore projects

8. Netherlands
Dutch Government expressed their intent to host at least 1 CCS demonstration project
Mining Act adpated to allow for CCS
Two tenders approved
Storage tender €60M to develop a project to store 0.4Mt/y CO2
Capture tender (20 M€), aimed at demonstrating capture at larger scale
Reviewed storage possibilities in Netherlands
Offshore main opportunity in depleted oil and gas fields

9. Rotterdam Energy Port and CO2 Hub
Port has existing and planned power generation capacity
Existing oil and gas pipeline infrastructure as an energy import hub
Collect CO2 from Netherlands and export through existing infrastructure to depleted gas fields
300 Mton CO2

10. Norway
In July 2006 Statoil announces plan to build the Mongstad CHP plant
Gas fired power plant providing 350 MWh heat and 280 MWe
Due to be built in 2008 at a cost of $450M
Norwegian Government imposed need for CCS
Project pushed out to 2014
Norwegian Government will meet $594M for CCS plant
It is also planned to create a European CO2 Test Centre at Mongstad funded by Norwegian Government, DONG Energy, Statoil, Hydro and Vattenfall

11. Halten-Tjelbergodden CCS-EOR Project

12. Proposed Integrated CCS Demonstration Projects
HALTEN
DF1
Centrica
Mongstad
E.ON
E.ON
SaskPower
RWE
RWE
FutureGen
HypoGen
DF2
nZEC
Key
Stanwell
LNG
DF3
Callide
Pre-Combustion Capture
Hazelwood
IGCC
Oxy-Fuel
Post-Combustion

13. FutureGen USDOE initiative Project budget $954M
Public Private sector partnership
12 industrial partners contributing $400M,
Government support from United States, China, India, South Korea, and Japan
Current status
7 States bid to host FutureGen
Reduced to Texas & Illinois
Final decision on siting by the end of 2007
EIS completed in mid 2007

14. Australia
Australia Government is developing a Framework to support CCS demonstrations and commercial projects
Coal21/Low Emission Technology fund (A$500M) established in June 2004
Supporting pilot low emission technology projects
Regulatory development
Commercial projects
Gorgon – ChevronTexaco
Natural gas production/CCS
ZeroGen – Stanwell Corporation
Coal fired IGCC with power generation/CCS
Monash Energy Project – AngloAmercian and Shell
Synthetic Liquid Fuels from coal with CCS

15. Other Industrial Initiatives
BP very active in developing new CCS demonstration projects
Proposed Hydrogen based power plant in Scotland, UK (DF1)
Proposed DF2 project at Carson City Refinery in USA
In June 2007 BP and RioTinto announced a new company called Hydrogen Energy
Develop new CO2 free power plants
New A$2 billion (US$1.7 billion) clean coal power generation project in western Australia planned
500MWe with CCS

16. Barriers to Wide Scale Implementation (1)
Going from tens to thousands of plant worldwide will set a number of Challenges
Suitability of large geological resource
Have to rely on deep saline aquifers but these are under researched
Development of regulatory regimes
In hand in some countries but not all
For OSPAR slowest country will set the timescale
Development of CO2 pipeline infrastructures
Establishment/reuse of rights of way
Cost - €19Bn in Europe alone
Co-ordinated action to build and finance needed

17. Barriers to Wide Scale Implementation (1)
There is a need to create a long term market for CO2
Current long terms trades on European Trading System only €12-15/t CO2
Need to reduce costs for CCS
Will reduce naturally through replication but not enough to bridge financial gap at present
Need to introduce technology into developing countries
Current route through Clean Development Mechanism
Need concerted international action to get CCS into the CDM

18. THANK YOU ANY QUESTIONS?