1. Religion (Christianity)

2. Christianity largest world religion Three major branches
about 2 billion adherents
Many adherents in Europe, the Americas
Three major branches
Roman Catholicism (51% of all Christians)
Protestant Christianity (24%)
“denominations” include Lutheran, Baptist, Methodist, Anglican, Presbyterian, Episcopal etc.
Eastern Orthodox (11%)
Other (14%)
Coptic (Egypt), Ethiopians, Mormons (Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints), Jehovah’s Witnesses

3. Christian Holy Places Relate to life of Christ = universalizing
Jerusalem
Holy Sepulchre
Bethlehem (birth)
Nazareth (childhood)
Later sites associated with saints and “miracles”
Examples
Lourdes, France
Fatima, Portugal

4. Diffusion of Christianity
To Europe
Roman Empire
follows Jewish diaspora pattern
RELOCATION
“pagans” convert
CONTAGIOUS
HIERARCHICAL
missionaries
conversion of authorities then followed by acceptance of the people

8. Islam in Europe (Ottoman Empire)

9. Christianity in Europe
South/Romance = Catholic
Italy, Spain, Portugal, France
North/Germanic = Protestant
UK = Anglican = Protestant
political not doctrinal
Scandinavia
Sweden, Norway, Denmark
other Nordic
Iceland
Uralic
Finland
Estonia
Does Ireland fit this pattern?
Ireland = Catholic
Why?
ethnic identity/nationalism
Christianity in Europe

10. Christianity in Europe
East/Slavic = Orthodox
Missionaries from the Eastern tradition
Cyrillic alphabet
Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece
Exceptions = Poland
Catholic, why?
between Protestant Germany and Orthodox Russia
ethnic identity/Nationalism

11. Cyrillic Alphabet (Eastern Europe, Slavic, Eastern Orthodox)

12. Religion in the Balkans
Islam = legacy of Ottomans
Albania, Kosovo
Ottoman Turk influence
Former Yugoslavia
SHATTERBELT
“region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces”
Leads to civil war in the 1990s
Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia
Eastern Orthodox
Croatia, Slovenia
Roman Catholic
Bosnian identity is
Muslim

13. Religion in Europe Multi-religious states Netherlands Germany
Switzerland
Latvia

14. European “belief in God”

15. Diffusion of Christianity
Global
Secondary hearths influence global distribution
Roman Catholicism = Rome/Vatican City
Spanish, French colonies = Catholic
Latin America
Orthodox = Constantinople/Istanbul
Moscow = “the Third Rome”??????
Eastern Europe/Russia had Orthodox missionaries
Siberia
Protestantism = Northern Europe (Germany)
British/Dutch colonies = Protestant
North America (we will handle tomorrow)
Australia, New Zealand
Africa is mixed-up based on colonial holdings (see later map)

16. World Distribution of Religions

17. Dark Red = Catholic
Pink = Protestant
Magenta = Eastern Orthodox