1. Why might some psychologists regard Rosenhan’s conclusions as lacking validity?

2. How does social learning theory explain offending?

3. Describe the RNR approach to case formulation.

4. What is a double bind and why does it matter?

5. When is it appropriate to use Chi Squared to analyse data?

6. Is clinical psychology scientific?

7. How might interviews be used in clinical psychology?

8. What evidence is there that labelling influences crime?

9. What is a longitudinal study?

10. Why should be not regard Raine et al (1997) as supporting a nature view of offending?

11. Should children be screened for offending risk factors?

12. Outline the theoretical basis of anger management.

13. Is cognitive therapy more or less costly than drug therapy?

14. Outline the features of XYY syndrome.

15. What is involved in family therapy?

16. List five symptoms of schizophrenia.

17. Is it true that a jury is more likely to convict a black defendant?

18. Describe the role of neurochemicals in depression.

19. What were the main findings of Vallentine et al (2010)?

20. List three drugs used to treat mood disorders.

21. Outline three features of a cognitive interview.

22. List three characteristics of the defendant that may affect jury decisions.

23. How has psychology benefited policing?

24. Outline an example of a cross-sectional design in clinical psychology.

25. Why is it ethically difficult to investigate the impact of self-fulfilling prophecy on offending?

26. What evidence is there that individual differences might affect self-fulfilling prophecy?

27. Describe the structural brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia.

28. Is it possible to counter the weapon focus effect?

29. What effect does pretrial publicity have on jury decisions?

30. Describe how personality might be linked to offending.

31. Describe what is involved in thematic analysis.

32. Explain how research in criminological psychology can be socially sensitive.

33. What are the strengths of using qualitative methods in clinical psychology?

34. Why did the UK police adopt ethical interviewing?

35. What are the problems with the standard police interview?

36. List the types of data that might be used in a case study.

37. That are the elements of the PEACE model?

38. Why is it mistaken to talk about therapy as a cure for schizophrenia?

39. How could you improve the reliability of your clinical psychology practical?

40. Should juries be instructed about the psychology of witness memory?

41. Describe the study by Carlsson et al (2000).

42. Give a similarity and a difference between the biological and the cognitive explanations of depression.

43. Describe a case study in criminological psychology?

44. How does labelling explain offending?

45. Compare ethical interviewing with the standard police interview.

46. How and why has DSM changed since the 1950s?

47. How do the BPS ethical guidelines affect research with offenders?

48. Describe the standard police interview.

49. Give a similarity and a difference between ICD and DSM.

50. What do we mean by the validity of diagnosis?

51. Describe the GLM approach to case formulation.

52. When is it appropriate to use Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation to analyse data?

53. Outline an example of a study that used primary data.

54. Why did Yuille and Cutshall’s (1986) findings conflict with Loftus and Palmer’s (1974)?

55. Is there such a thing as a ‘born criminal’?

56. How do the BPS ethical guidelines apply to case formulation?

57. How do SSRIs work?

58. In what ways is Bateson’s theory of schizophrenia holistic?

59. How has the treatment of schizphrenia changed since the 1950s?

60. Give an example of a ‘homework’ task a cognitive therapist might give to a client.

61. What are the advantages of reductionism in criminological psychology?

62. What are the strengths and weaknesses of using qualitative methods in criminological psychology?

63. Under what conditions is family therapy most likely to be successful?

64. Is EE just a family problem?

65. Under which conditions will post-event information affect witness memory?

66. What ethical issues are raised by the use of drug treatments with sex offenders?

67. How would you obtain a volunteer sample of people who pirate media on the Internet?

68. Is criminological psychology racist?

69. How reductionist is research into jury decision making?

70. What does Rosenhan (1973) tell us about diagnosis?

71. Describe two features of schizophrenia.

72. Apart from the Bandura studies, what evidence can be used in relation to social learning theory and offending?

73. What is ‘thought insertion’?

74. Under what circumstances might a clinician mistake schizophrenia for depression?

75. How have case studies been used to investigate criminological psychology?

76. What is the difference between positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

77. Why are randomised control trials used in clinical psychology?

78. How do BPS guidelines relate to doing therapy with clients?

79. Is offending caused by brain abnormality?

80. Give a strength and a weakness of Vallentine et al’s (2010) study.

81. Are there any precautions we can take against the effect of pretrial publicity?

82. Give an example of ordinal data in criminological psychology.

83. Outline an example of meta-analysis in criminological psychology.

84. Why do some people believe that glutamate is more important than dopamine in causing schizophrenia?

85. Describe three differences between ICD and DSM.

86. Explain an similarity and a difference between the RNR and GLM models of case formulation.

87. How does self-fulfilling prophecy explain offending?

88. On what grounds could we argue that jury trials are a good idea?

89. Outline how the DSM system works.

90. Why is distress insufficient for a diagnosis of mental disorder?

91. What evidence is there that cognition plays a causal role in depression?

92. How would you obtain a stratified sample of prison officers in the UK?

93. What side effects do antidepressant drugs have?

94. What is the difference between labelling and self-fulfilling prophecy?

95. How has the treatment of unipolar disorder changed since the 1950s?

96. Why are atypical antipsychotics preferred to typical ones in the treatment of schizophrenia?

97. What ethical issues are raised by Rosenhan’s (1973) study?

98. Describe what is involved in grounded theory analysis.

99. How would you obtain a random sample of prisoners in Birmingham Prison?

100. Some psychologists say that cognitive therapy is victim-blaming
Some psychologists say that cognitive therapy is victim-blaming. What does this mean and why does it matter?

101. How does TBI explain offending?

102. Does the use of drug therapies assume nature, nurture or neither?

103. Why might cognitive therapy for depression be preferred to drug treatment?

104. What is a cross-sectional design?

105. Why do some researchers avoid qualitative methods in clinical psychology?

106. Was Bateson’s research scientific?

107. What are antidepressant side effects a problem?

108. What are the weaknesses of Bateson’s evidence base?

109. Why is case formulation necesary?

110. What is it about memory that makes EWT unreliable?

111. Is depression a matter of nature or nurture?

112. What are the weaknesses of case studies in clinical psychology?

113. Some people that ‘danger’ should be the only criterion for a mental health diagnosis. Why are they wrong?

114. Why do the majority of criminological psychologists gather quantitative data?

115. What is the treatment-aetiology fallacy and why does it matter?

116. Describe a case study in clinical psychology.

117. What are extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism?

118. When is it appropriate to use the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test to analyse data?

119. What ethical issues are raised by biological theories of offending?

120. Why are attractive defendants generally treated more leniently?

121. What was the sample used by Howells et al (2005)?

122. In what ways is drug therapy superior to family therapy for schizphrenia?

123. Why did Bateson believe that it was wrong to look for the causes of schizophrenia inside the individual?

124. In the context of mental health, what is meant by deviance?

125. Compare the standard police interview with the cognitive interview.

126. How are mental disorders diagnosed?

127. If a practitioner does not uphold the HCPC standards, what could happen?

128. Describe three differences between DSM 4 and DSM 5.

129. Some people think that DSM has made diagnoses more reliable but not more valid. Justify this view.

130. Outline a study that supports the use of drug treatment with sex offenders.

131. How do tricyclics work?

132. Give an example of nominal data in criminological psychology.

133. Give an example of how a schizophrenia patient might show disordered thinking.

134. How effective are antipsychotic drugs?

135. Some people think that it was a mistake for the UK police to adopt ethocal interviewing. Why?

136. What impact did the invention of brain scanning have on criminological psychology?

137. In Loftus and Palmer (1974), what were the differences between experiment and experiment 2?

138. What is the aim of cognitive therapy for mood disorders?

139. What were the results of Loftus and Palmer’s (1974) experiment 1?

140. How do MAOIs work?

141. How reductionist is the cognitive view of unipolar disorder?

142. What evidence is there that anger management is worthwhile?

143. What is the ‘cognitive triad’?

144. Give three possibilities why women are diagnosed with depression more often than men.

145. What are the strengths and weaknesses of field experiments as a way of investigating EWT?

146. What are the strengths and weaknesses of lab experiments as a way of investigating EWT?

147. What is meant by ethical interviewing?

148. How have criminological psychologists tried to explain gender differences in offending?

149. Outline the study by Vallentine et al (2010).

150. Explain a similarity between the actions of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs.

151. Is EWT always unreliable?

152. Why is anger management unsuitable for some offenders?

153. When is it appropriate to use the Mann-Whitney U test to analyse data?

154. How successful is drug therapy for mood disorders?

155. Why is it important to consider culture when diagnosing mental illness?

156. Explain two weaknesses of using brain scanning to investigate the causes of schizophrenia.

157. Should we force offenders to undergo psychological treatment to stop them offending?

158. What are the limitations of drug treatment for mood disorders?

159. What are the dangers of approaching clinical psychology in a purely scientific way?

160. How does gender affect jury decision making?

161. What influence did Bateson’s family systems theory have after the 1960s?

162. What are the strengths and weaknesses of cognitive interviewing?

163. Distinguish between hallucinations and delusions.

164. Is cognitive interviewing superior to the standard police interview?

165. In what ways is family therapy superior to drug therapy for schizophrenia?

166. Outline and example of a study that used secondary data.

167. List four antipsychotic drugs.

168. What were the aims of Williams et al (2013)?

169. What are extrapyramidal side effects?

170. Describe three symptoms of unipolar disorder.

171. How would a clinician distinguish between unipolar and bipolar disorder?

172. How might grounded theory be used on criminological psychology?

173. How have criminological psychologists tried to explain cultural differences in offending?

174. Does EE cause schizophrenia?

175. What were Lavarenne et al’s methods?

176. Why might drug treatment for depression be preferred to cognitive therapy?

177. Justify Loftus and Palmer’s 91974) choice of research method.

178. Describe two different types of reductionism in clinical psychology.

179. How have lab experiments been used to investigate eyewitness testimony?

180. Explain the purpose of offence analysis.

181. What are the arguments against schizophrenia not being a brain disease?

182. What are the components of ‘Expressed Emotion’?

183. What evidence is there that pretrial publicity might affect the outcome of a jury trial?

184. How important is personality as a factor in offending?

185. Is clinical psychology a form of social control?

186. Outline an example of a meta-analysis in clinical psychology.

187. Give an example of interval data in criminological psychology.

188. Give three examples of cognitive biases in unipolar disorder.

189. Is schizophrenia a matter of nature or nurture?

190. How does the development of cognitive interviews illustrate the scientific method?

191. What are the difficulties with conducting randomised control trials with psychological therapies?

192. Which is the better system, DSM or ICD, and why?

193. What are the strengths and weaknesses of using brain imaging to investigate the causes of crime?

194. Explain what weapon focus is.

195. What are the strengths of case studies in clinical psychology?

196. Why does it matter for society whether we keep jury trials?

197. What is a cross-cultural study?

198. Outline two features of unipolar disorder.

199. How did you use content analysis in your clinical psychology practical?

200. What are the main conclusions from Carlsson et al’s (2000) study?

201. What evidence is there that brain abnormalities play a role in crime?

202. Give a similarity and a difference between schizophrenia and unipolar disorder.

203. In what ways is the biological approach to offending reductionist?

204. What was the DV in Loftus and Palmer’s (1974) experiment 2?

205. Is internet-based therapy a good idea?

206. What is your key question for criminological psychology?

207. How could a clinician reach a diagnosis of unipolar disorder?

208. Give two reasons why the side effects of antipsychotic drugs are a problem.

209. What is the difference between primary and secondary data?

210. Is Eysenck theory of offending nature, nurture or neither?

211. What do we mean by the validity of diagnosis?

212. Do women’s and men’s offending require different explanations?

213. What effect does post-event information have on EWT?

214. What is a randomised control trial?

215. Describe the techniques used in anger management.

216. What conclusions can be drawn from Lavarenne et al’s (2013) study?

217. Outline an example of an alpha and a beta gender bias in criminological psychology.

218. Howells et al (2005) found minimal impact of anger management
Howells et al (2005) found minimal impact of anger management. Give three possible reasons why.

219. What are the strengths and weaknesses of using case studies in criminological psychology?

220. What are the strengths and weaknesses of ethical interviewing?

221. Is Lavarenne et al’s study scientific?

222. How might thematic analysis me used in criminological psychology?

223. Why is it difficult to draw clear conclusions about the effectiveness of drug treatments for sex offenders?

224. Outline the cognitive view of unipolar disorder.

225. Give two examples of psychological practice that would violate the HCPC standards.

226. Describe the mode of action of two drugs used with sex offenders.

227. Explain three reasons why a lawyer or judge might reject psychological research into jury decisions.

228. Give an example of a dysfunctional behaviour in the context of mental health.

229. What evidence is there that family therapy is effective?

230. Outline an example of a cross-cultural study in clinical psychology.

231. Explain a strength and a weakness of Carlsson et al’s (2000) study.

232. Describe how dopamine and glutamate might be involved in schizophrenia.

233. What is a meta-analysis?

234. Outline three different techniques a cognitive therapist might use when treating mood disorders.

235. Describe the study by Williams et al (2013).

236. How have field experiments been used to investigate EWT?

237. Why might research into cultural differences in mental health be regarded as socially sensitive?

238. Describe the roles of three brain structures in offending.

239. Describe two ways that conceptions of mental illness vary between cultures.

240. According to Eysenck, why do some people become offenders?

241. Why do some psychologists reject the idea that depression is just a chemical imbalance?

242. Outline an example of a longitudinal study in clinical psychology.

243. How do the BPS ethical guidelines affect research with victims of crime?

244. How effective is cognitive therapy for mood disorders?

245. What is the role of the HCPC?

246. What evidence is there that juries make biased decisions?

247. What threats are there to the validity of interview data in clinical psychology?

248. How would you obtain an opportunity sample of young offenders?

249. Why do some psychologists argue that depression is just a chemical imbalance?

250. What ethical issues are raised by diagnosing and treating people with mental illlness?