1. SmaRT Visualization of Legal Rules for Compliance
Selja Seppälä
Marcello Ceci
Hai Huang
Leona O’Brien
Tom Butler

2. Contents The Issue The Regulatory Interpretation Methodology
SBVR and Mercury
Visualizing Verb Concepts and Keywords
Visualizing Rules
Neo4j Visualization

3. New Technologies Need New Techniques
The complexity of regulation
In the aftermath of the Financial Crisis
The complexity and ambiguity of legalese
Automatic extraction of requirements from legal texts is not reliable
Information Systems of the Financial Industry are lagging behind
There is a natural resistance against new (semantic) technologies that must be tackled
An open approach to translating regulative rules
No closed list of logical sentences
Allow for multiple interpretations of the same legal text
Vocabulary is created as you go
For Constitutive Rules, legal concept patterns are used (e.g. commencement, definition)
Relies on tools (Demo of Ganesha 0.1 later on)

4. Regulatory Interpretation Methodology
Subject-Matter Expert
Legal Text ?
Rule Language
RDF
Business Processes
(BPMN)
Ontology
Semantic Technology Expert

5. SBVR Business Rules and Business Vocabulary
It is prohibited that an Investment Firm that operates an OTF engages in Matched Principal Trading.
Rulebook
Vocabulary
Investment Firm operates OTF
Investment Firm engages in Matched Principal Trading
Verb concepts
Noun concepts
Investment Firm
OTF
Matched Principal Trading

6. The Mercury Knowledge Base
Every rule has a unambiguous logical formulation in propositional logics:
(for each Investment Firm, OTF and Matched Principal Trading) if an investment firm operates an OTF then it is forbidden that that same investment firm engage in matched principal trading
It is prohibited that an Investment Firm that operates an OTF engages in Matched Principal Trading.

7. FIRO Financial Industry Regulatory Ontology
It is prohibited that an Investment Firm that operates an OTF engages in Matched Principal Trading.
What requirements are breached by Event x?
 Query:
 PREFIX onto:<
SELECT ?rs
WHERE {
?rs rdf:type onto:RegulatoryStatement.
onto:x onto:breaches ?rs }
Visualization:
It is prohibited that
Investment Firm engages in Matched Principal Trading
Investment Firm operates OTF

8. Visualizing Keywords /1
Original sentence: market operator makes public credits and debt 
Semantics: market operator makes public credits and same market operator makes public debts 

9. Visualizing Keywords /2
Original sentence: market operator operating a trading venue makes public credits 
Semantics: market operator makes public credits and same market operator operates trading venue 

10. Visualizing Regulative Rules /1
Original sentence: It is obligatory that a market operator that operates a trading venue makes public credits and debts.

11. Visualizing Regulative Rules /2
Semantics: If some market operator operates some trading venue then it is obligatory that the same market operator makes public each debt and the same market operator makes public each credit. 

12. Neo4j Visualization

13. Future Work Automatic graph generation from RDF Cover other keywords
Negation
Quantifiers
Automatic RDF generation from graph
Visualizing constitutive rules

14. Thank you!
Contacts:
Ceci, M., Al Khalil, F., O’Brien, L., and Butler, T., (2016) Requirements for an Intermediate Language Bridging Legal Text and Rules, December 2016, Workshop on Mining and Reasoning with Legal texts (MIREL), At Nice, France
Al Khalil, F., Ceci, M., Yapa, K. and O’Brien, L., (2016), July. SBVR to OWL 2 Mapping in the Domain of Legal Rules. In International Symposium on Rules and Rule Markup Languages for the Semantic Web (pp ). Springer International Publishing.
Ceci, M., Al Khalil, F. and O’Brien, L., (2016) Making Sense of Regulations with SBVR. RuleML 2016 Challenge, Doctoral Consortium and Industry Track hosted by the 10th International Web Rule Symposium (RuleML 2016).

15. Vocabulary Entries Advanced management of definitions:
It is prohibited that an Investment Firm that operates an OTF engages in Matched Principal Trading.
Noun concepts (entities) and actions can be aligned to business entities and activities in business policies and processes.
Advanced management of definitions:
Distinguish legal vs. non-legal definitions
Distinguish definitions as (structural) rules from definitions in free text
Identify the context
Use different vocabulary entries for concepts with same designation but different definitions and/or domains (business/legal)
Investment Firm
Definition: [text or rule]
Source: MiFID art. 4
Context: MiFID
Investment Firm
Definition: [text or rule]
Source: Business Policy “X”, p. 1
Context: Business Policy “X”
Investment Firm
Definition: [text or rule]
Source: MiFIR art. 3
Context: MiFIR

16. Mercury/FIRO Features
Vocabulary potentialities
Alignment to taxonomies
Expressing semantics of definitions
Classifying
Disambiguating with context
Rulebook potentialities
Representing logical formulation of the rule
Graph representation
Alignment to business processes
Automatic reasoning on compliance