1. Institutional Networks and Community-driven Adaptation and Mitigation
Ashwini Chhatre
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

2. Adaptation, Mitigation, and Community
All adaptation is local
Some mitigation is local as well
Not all mitigation supports adaptation
Local integration of adaptation and mitigation

3. Institutional Mediation

4. Institutional Types Public institutions Civic institutions
Elected local government
Line ministry agencies, para-statal organizations
Civic institutions
Producer organizations (cooperatives, etc.)
Membership-based non-profit organizations
Market institutions
Commodity markets
Credit market (banks, etc.)

5. Institutions, Networks, and Co-evolution
Articulation
Access
Feedback
Co-evolution

6. Adaptive Capacity
Adaptive capacity as a function of the density of cross-scale institutional networks
Capacity to balance adaptation and mitigation
Interventions to increase access and articulation to facilitate self-organization
Investments in local democracy – information, knowledge, leadership

7. Forests, Adaptation, Mitigation
Estimated 1.2 billion people depend on forests
Forest degradation causes significant emissions
Reducing emissions from forest degradation
Promise of interventions in forestry
Potential negative consequences for the rural poor
Possibile ‘win-win’ scenarios

8. REDD and Community Forestry
REDD Requirements
Reference scenarios
Monitoring
Forest Carbon Partnership Facility
Room for institutional experiments
Promise of community-owned forests
Positive impact of tenure security
Optimal use of local knowledge

9. From REDD to communities
A system of positive incentives
Lessons from community forestry for adaptation and mitigation
Limits of project-based interventions
Neglect of trade-offs and leakage
Poor targeting of vulnerable groups
National REDD credits and local distribution of benefits
Institutional networks, access, and articulation

10. Financial Mechanisms Budget mechanisms: Ring fencing
Poverty Action Fund, Uganda
Fiscal mechanisms: Ecological value-added tax
ICMS Ecologico, Brazil
Market mechanisms: Carbon as collateral for development
Micro-finance and savings & credit groups
Public-private partnerships

11. Conclusion Investment in institutional networks
Cross-scale interventions for community-level adaptation and mitigation
Central role of public institutions, especially elected local governments
A combination of financial mechanisms necessary