1. Add to Table of Contents
Mutation example Pg. 40
Mutations Pg. 41

2. Mutations
Page 41 in notebook

4. Change occur when DNA is damaged or changed so the code is no longer the same. Can occur in any cell. They can be beneficial, bad, or neutral
Mutation = Mutations-

5. – a change in a single nitrogen base pair.
Types of mutations
1. Substitution
(Point mutation)
– a change in a single nitrogen base pair.
THE DOG BIT THE CAT
THE DOG BIT THE CAR

6. Ex. Sickle-cell anemia 1 point mutation in a hemoglobin codon
creates this disease.

7. UGC AAA
Cysteine Lysine
UGC AAG

8. UAU GCC Tyrosine Valine UAA GCC Stop

9. Types of mutations
2. Frame shift
-A single base is inserted or deleted from the DNA.
THE FAT CAT SAT
TAH EFA TCA TSA T
TEF ATC ATS AT

10. Types of mutations
A. Insertion
-All or part of a codon is inserted in the DNA.
THE FAT CAT SAT
THE NOT FAT CAT SAT

11. Types of mutations
B. Deletion
-All or part of a codon is deleted from the DNA.
THE FAT CAT SAT
THE CAT SAT

17. Causes of mutations:
A. Mistakes in DNA pairing. B. Radiation C. Chemicals D. High temperatures

18. Day 2
Open notebook to page 40.

19. On page 40 of your notebook:
Copy down this strand of DNA: TAC GCC AGT GGT ATT Transcribe it into mRNA mRNA =

20. mRNA = AUG CGG UCA CCA UAA Translate the mRNA into amino acids
TAC GCC AGT GGT ATT
mRNA = AUG CGG UCA CCA UAA
Translate the mRNA into amino acids
Amino acids=

21. mRNA = AUG CGG UCA CCA UAA
Amino acids= Met Arg Ser Pro stop
Now do the same steps with this mutated DNA
TAC GAC CAG TGG TAT T
mRNA =
Amino acids =

22. TAC GAC CAG TGG TAT T mRNA = AUG CUG GUC ACC AUA A
Amino acids = Start Leu Val Thr Iso(Ile)

23. Original DNA TAC GCC AGT GGT ATT
TAC GAC CAG TGG TAT T
1. What type of mutation occurred?
Substitution(1point)
Frame shift insertion
Frame shift Deletion

24. Original DNA TAC GCC AGT GGT ATT
TAC GAC CAG TGG TAT T
2. How did the mutation affect the amino acid sequence?
No stop signal
1 amino acid added/deleted
All amino acids changed after the mutation