1. Personalized System for Instruction
“Students Progress as Fast as They Can, or as Slowly as They Need”
By: Christina Thom and Michael Boyd

2. History of PSI Program was developed by Fred Keller
Colleague of Skinner
Experimental behavioral physiologist
Also worked with Sherman (1974)
Known as “Goodbye Teacher!” (1968)
Also known as “Keller Plan”

3. Rationale
PSI is based on 4 features and it provides students with reinforcement
1. The ability to view creative and interesting learning materials
2. Regular tangible progress toward the course goals
3. Immediate assessment of learning
4. Individual attention from the instructor

4. Major Theme for PSI
Provides each student with a complete set of instructional materials.
Including-
Management information
Task presentations
Task structures
Learning activities
Error analyses
Assessments

5. PSI Students proceed through a sequence of learning activities.
Complete each one to the stated performance criterion before moving on.
Students progress at their own pace.

6. Key Aspects to PSI Go-at-your-own-pace Unit-perfection requirement
Lectures and demonstrations for motivation
Stress on the written word for teacher-student communication
Tutoring/proctoring

7. Domains of PSI
A decidedly mastery in achievement based instructional model.
Learning domains-
First priority: Psychomotor learning
Second priority: Cognitive learning
Third priority: Affective learning

8. PSI Workbooks Attendance policies Class rules and disciplinary plan
Dressing-out policies
How to get and return equipment
Grading plan and applicable policies
Procedures for starting class
Learning tasks & criteria
Required readings
Progress charts

9. Teacher Skills Planning Time & Class Management
Task Presentation & Structure
Communication
Instructional Information
Review & Closure

10. Student Requirements Reading Technology Personal Responsibility
Asking for Help

11. Teacher/Student Roles
Starting Class
Bringing equipment to class
Dispersing and returning equipment
Role call
Task presentation
Task structure
Assessment
Monitoring learning progress

12. Students work on their own
How does it work?
The student:
Tells the teacher which task they are ready to begin
Gets the materials & reviews the task
Reads or views a presentation of the task
Pictures, Videos
Practices the task

13. Tasks Included: Readiness Drills Comprehension Tasks Criterion Tasks
Challenge Tasks
Quizzes
Games

14. PSI Provides Inclusion
Students work at their OWN pace
Nobody is “left behind”
Teacher-student interactions
Students can take as many attempts as needed to master the skill and pass the skill test

15. Goals To provide individualized instruction
Allow each student to progress at his or her own pace
To encourage students to become independent learners
Students who need help get more interaction with teacher in order to improve

16. Pros of PSI Students work at own pace
Social interactions with students & teachers
Assess themselves
Inclusion
Independent
More responsibility
Self Learning
Students can teach others

17. Cons of PSI Lacks teacher demonstrations/presentations
Advanced students don’t get as much interaction with teacher
No lesson plans involved
Could cause chaos
Students could get off-task
Pressure on students
Competitiveness

18. Questions??

19. Bibliography http://www.edtech.vt.edu/edtech/id/models/psi.html
“Instructional Models for Physical Education” Michael W. Metzler