1. TEXAS BECOMES A
STATE 1845!!!

2. Constitution of 1845
Now that Texas is part of the United States it must write a new constitution as a STATE instead of a Republic.
Created 3 branches of government
Also created, a Governor and Lt. Governor
James Pinckney Henderson became first Governor of Texas.
Thomas Rusk- President of the convention of 1845 which accepted the annexation terms

3. Analyze the painting below. Think about the title of the painting
Analyze the painting below. Think about the title of the painting. What do you see and observe?
JOHN GAST‘S - "AMERICAN PROGRESS," (1872)

4. Mexican-American War

5. When?
Who?
Where?
Most of the fighting occurred in Mexico.
Mexico and the United States

6. What? Mexico never recognized Texas independence Manifest Destiny
Texas Annexation by the USA
Boundary dispute Nueces or Rio Grande River

7. Rio Grande boundary
Nueces River boundary

8. How?
A battle occurred in Brownsville, TX and the U.S. believed that American blood had been shed on American soil.
Just an excuse to go to war…

9. 1. Steps to War
June President Polk ordered General Zachary Taylor to take U.S. troops into disputed border region
Polk claims this action is to protect Texas from possible Mexican attack

10. 2. Steps to War
Meanwhile, Polk sent diplomat John Slidell to Mexico City to negotiate the purchase California & New Mexico for $30 million
Mexican officials refused to meet with Slidell
John Slidell

11. 3. Steps to War
March 1846 – General Taylor’s troops made camp at the Rio Grande in disputed territory
April 1846 – Mexican commander insisted U.S. troops must leave area and Taylor refused to move
Mexican forces crossed the Rio Grande and attacked group of 63 U.S. soldiers
11 Americans killed

12. 4. Steps to War May 11, 1846 – Polk addressed Congress
He declared that “Mexico has shed American blood upon the American soil.”
Two days later Congress declared war on Mexico

13. Support of the War Most Americans supported Manifest Destiny
Southerners thought it would help spread slavery in the new territories acquired from the Mexican Cession
How are they going to decide if they are slave states or free states?

14. Mexican Cession
Add to your notes:
The transfer of the Southwest from Mexico to the USA after the Mexican American War.

15. Opposition to the War
Northern abolitionists feared any territory gained in the war might be organized into slave states
Abolitionists were people who OPPOSED slavery
Hit on Abolitionists… Fear of spread of the slave states…

16. What was the cause?
Mexico didn’t pay reparations to American citizens for damages caused by the TX Revolution.
Disputes on boundaries (Nueces vs. Rio Grande)
American blood on ‘American soil’.

17. What were the effects? The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
Southern boundary at the Rio Grande
U.S. gained through the Mexican Cession:
U.S. agreed to pay $15 million to Mexico

18. Conclusion What was the United States Goal?
Manifest Destiny was achieved
U.S. Boundaries now stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean

19. Population Growth

20. In order to encourage immigration, the Texas government made public lands available at very cheap prices.

21. The state offered homesteaders 160-acre parcels of land for as little as .50 an acre (as compared to the concurrent U.S. price of $1.25 an acre)
This availability of land encouraged many to move west.

22. Texas Population Explosion

23. POPULATION GROWTH Of Texas
1850= 212,000
By the eve of the 1861 Civil War= over 604,000.

24. Immigrants

26. 1850 Census Data
Texas had a total population of 212,592 people. The majority of that population, over 154,000 Texans, were listed as white. Mexicans included both Tejano families that had long lived in Texas and more recent immigrants.

27. Native Americans were not officially identified in any U. S
Native Americans were not officially identified in any U.S. census until As a result, few, if any, Native Americans were counted in the 1850 census. The state government’s official policy toward Indians in the mid-1850s was to put the Indians on reservations.
1850 Census Data

28. 1850 Census Data
European immigrants were also a large part of foreign-born residents of Texas. The largest group came from Germany, numbering over 8,000. Irish immigrants, who numbered over 1,400, were the next largest group.
Potato Famine Video

29. 1850 Census Data
There were two populations of African Americans in Texas recorded in the 1850 census. Those who were enslaved numbered over 58,000. Only 397 African Americans were listed as free.

30. Between , lands worked by slaves produced cash crops that encouraged westward expansion and more slaves.
Cash Crops: crops that made profit, not just crops that supported a family
Slavery in Texas

32. Slave trade ended in Washington, D.C.
Compromise of 1850
Slave trade ended in Washington, D.C.
Stronger fugitive slave law (runaway slaves to the North had to be returned to the South)
California a free state
Texas compensated for giving up land claims (gave parts of the land to U.S. and they were given $10 Million)
Created the Texas borders today.
Debating the Compromise of 1850
Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky proposed the Compromise Measures of 1850, a set of five bills favoring compromise among the states on the issue of slavery. President Millard Fillmore signed all five measures into law.

34. Compromise: mutual agreement in which each side gives up something it wants in order to reach a settlement.
Texas received $10 million
In exchange for present day borders
California received statehood as a free state
In exchange for Utah and New Mexico territories gain right to vote for slavery.
Fugitive Slave Law required American citizens to capture slaves who ran away and return them to their owners.
How did manifest destiny affect the distribution of settlements in Texas and the United States?
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