1. SSWH17: The student will be able to identify the major political & economic factors that shaped world societies between WWI & WWII.

2. Post-war social changes:
ALBERT EINSTEIN:
*theories of relativity
*measurements of space/time are not absolute
*inspired post-war scientists to accept the universe was beyond human understanding
SIGMUND FREUD:
*challenged faith in reason
*subconscious mind drives human behavior
*psychoanalysis: helped treat mental disorders

3. Form of government with a one-party dictatorship that regulates every aspect of the lives of its citizens
Totalitarianism:

4. Totalitarian V. Authoritarian:
Extreme form of authoritarian government
Leader has charisma over people
Leader can rule entire nation
Sense of ideology so people will follow
AUTHORITARIAN:
Single power holder (leader or committee)
Power hungry leaders
Driven by control
Uses political parties, mass demonstrations, & propaganda to make its people do what it wants

5. Fascism in Italy: Leader: Benito Mussolini
Used propaganda tactics to control the citizens
Controlled all aspects of the media
Secret police: Black Shirts
Shaping the youth
Fascism in Italy:
Leader: Benito Mussolini
Political Party: Fascism (authoritarian government with extreme nationalism & is destructive to basic human rights)
Believed in extreme aggression & expansion
Wanted a society with classes
Used terror to guard power

7. Communism in Ussr: People starved, famine occurred
Secret police (purges)
Control of media & elimination of individual rights; propaganda
Complainers sent to labor camps
Great Purge: 4 million people killed
Leader: Joseph Stalin
Political Party: Communism
Fiver Year Plan: build heavy industry, improve transportation, increase farm output all controlled by government
Standard of living remained low
Collectivization: government owned farms operated by peasants where all products are turned into government

9. Nazism in germany: Leader: Adolf Hitler
Political Party: Nazis (National Socialist German Workers)
Mein Kampf (Hitler’s Manifesto): extreme nationalism, racism, anti- Semitism
Belief in the Aryan race
Controlled all aspects of German life: religion, education, media
SS: uniformed troops who enforced Hitler’s laws
Secret police: Gestapo
Nazism in germany:

11. Nationalism in japan: Leader: Emperor Hirohito Ruled from 1926-1989
Was Japan’s supreme authority & a living god
In favor of expansion (China, Manchuria)
Issued an order that all Japanese should commit suicide rather than surrender (WWII)

12. Aggression goes unchecked:
ITALY
GERMANY
JAPAN

13. Japanese invasion of china:
December 13, 1937: Japanese troops marched into Nanjing, China
300,000 Chinese civilians were murdered
City-wide burnings, stabbings, drowning's, strangulations, & rape (became known as the Rape of Nanjing
Japanese introduced heroin & opium to the Chinese causing at least 50,000 people to become addicted to heroin or die overdose
News of the attack was reported worldwide, no country stepped in to help

14. Italian invasion of Ethiopia:
1935: Mussolini invaded Ethiopia
Due to outdated weapons, Ethiopia was unable to compete
King of Ethiopia went to the League of Nations to ask for help, but they had no military to help defend the Ethiopians
1936: Italy conquered Ethiopia

15. Spanish Civil War:
Republicans (those loyal to democracy) v. Nationalists (those loyal to fascism)
Nationalists won with aid from Nazi Germany
Further divided the democracies (British & French) against the dictatorships (Italy & Germany)
Allowed Germany/Hitler to gain raw materials for expansion outside of Germany’s borders
Drove Russia further from Britain & France; led to an alliance forming between Hitler & Stalin

16. Hitler tests treaty of Versailles:
Began building up German military
Invaded the Rhineland (land between Germany & France)
League of Nations adopts appeasement (giving in to the demands of an aggressor in order to keep the peace)
Annexed Austria
Invaded the Sudetenland (region of Czechoslovakia)
Munich Conference (Sept. 1938) Hitler promises not to expand any further