1. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Transport O2/nutrients/ hormones to cells
Remove CO2/wastes

2. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HEART:
Hollow cone-shaped organ
Muscular pump
Pumps 7000 liters of blood/day
Contracts 2.5 billion X/lifetime
Rests on diaphragm
Rounded end at bottom: APEX
CLOSED SYSTEM of circulation
Heart—arteries—arterioles—
Capillaries—venules—veins—
Back to the heart!

3. TYPES OF CLOSED CIRCULATION
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION: body
PULMONARY: heart to the lungs
HEPATIC: through the liver
CARDIAC: through the heart
(coronary arteries & veins)

4. LAYERS OF THE HEART: PERICARDIUM: Loose sac surrounding the heart
Those that form the wall of the heart:
A. EPICARDIUM:
(outer) reduces friction
B. MYOCARDIUM: thick, cardiac muscle
C. ENDOCARDIUM: (inner) elastic

5. PARTS OF THE HEART: 4 chambers: upper: ATRIA thin walls receive blood
RIGHT ATRIA: receive blood from body (through Superior & Inferior VENA CAVA)
LEFT ATRIA: receive blood from lungs (through PULMONARY VEINS)
Lower: VENTRICLES
Thick walls
Pump blood
RIGHT VENTRICLE: pumps blood to the lungs (through PULMONARY ARTERIES)
LEFT VENTRICLE: pumps blood to body (through AORTA); thicker walls

6. Vena Cava Pulmonary Vein Aorta Pulmonary Artery Largest vein
SUPERIOR VENA CAVA: brings blood from head, arms, upper body
INFERIOR VENA CAVA: brings blood from legs, abdomen
Pulmonary Artery
Takes blood to lungs from right ventricle
Right & Left
Only artery to carry unoxygenated blood
Pulmonary Vein
Brings blood back to heart from lungs
2 right & 2 left
Only veins to carry oxygenated blood
Aorta
Largest artery in body
Takes blood from heart to all parts of body
5 branches

7. Branches of AORTA:
Ascending
Aortic arch
Descending
Thoracic
Abdominal
SEPTUM:  wall separating right side of heart from left

8. HEART VALVES: Prevent backflow of blood SEMI-LUNAR VALVES:
ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES:
(A-V valves)
contain chordae tendinae-pull on papillary muscles between heart chambers
Tricuspid Valve: b/w right atria & right ventricle
Bicuspid Valve: b/w left atria & left ventricle
(also called the mitral valve)
SEMI-LUNAR VALVES:
(S-L valves)
Pulmonary Valve: b/w right ventricle & pulmonary arteries
Aortic Valve: b/w left ventricle & aorta

11. HEART ATTACK MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Lack of blood supply to heart muscle causes the muscle to die