1. Describe the impact of World War II on the lives of American citizens, including wartime economic measures, population shifts, growth in the middle class, growth of industrialization, advancements in science and technology, increased wealth in the African American community, racial and ethnic tensions, the G. I. Bill of Rights of 1944, and desegregation of the military.
COS Standard 10

2. Describing Alabama’s participation in World War II, including the role of the Tuskegee Airmen, the Aliceville Prisoner of War (POW) camp, growth of the Port of Mobile, production of Birmingham steel, and the establishment of military bases
Chapter 25-3 and Chapter 27

3. Wartime Economic Measures
Great Depression ends because US gets involved in World War II.
Created 19 million new jobs and doubled the families income.
Women and African Americans were recruited to work in factories.
White men were fighting overseas; could not fight and work in factories at the same time
Rosie the Riveter: symbol of campaign to hire women

4. Wartime Economic Measures
People were leery of hiring African Americans to work in factories.
A. Phillip Randolph told FDR that he was planning a march on Washington.
FDR responded with the Executive Order 8802: there shall be no discrimination in the employment of workers in the defense industries or government because of race, creed, color or national origin.
To enforce the order, FDR created the Fair Employment Practices Commission

5. Wartime Economic Measures
To help farmers in the Southwest, the government introduced the Bracero program.
Mexicans were allowed to work in agricultures as well as building and maintaining railroads.
Continued until 1964.

6. Population shifts
People wanted the new jobs. Not all jobs were created close to home. Thus, people had to move.
Moved West and South: growth of cities in Southern California and Deep South which created a new industrialized region called the Sunbelt.
There was not enough housing for people, so tents and trailers were set up for people to live in.
The government allocates money to build schools, housing and community centers.
Government housing was not good.

7. Population shifts: African Americans and riots
Great Migration: shift of African Americans to the north in search for jobs
When they moved they were greeted with suspicion and intolerance.
Riots in Detroit

8. Population shifts: Mexican American and riots
Mexican Americans faced suspicion as well. In Southern California, racism followed Mexican Americans. Juvenile crime and the zoot suit became synonymous.
Extra material in a pleated pants and knee length jackets, hair was in a ducktail: unpatriotic
Victory Suits: patriotic, no cuffs and vest, narrow lapel, short jacket

9. Zoot suit versus Victory suits

10. Population shifts: Japanese Americans
Americans were angry at Japanese Americans for the bombing at Pearl Harbor.
FDR declared the US a war zone and they could remove whomever they wanted.
West Coast and moving Japanese Americans to internment camps

11. Daily life during World War II
Prices rose, materials were in short supply
Ration: limiting the availability of goods
Blue points: processed foods
Red points: meats, fats and oils (get extra coupons for oils)
Other coupons controlled coffee and sugar
Gas was rationed, driving was restricted and the speed limit was 35
Victory gardens: raise own food in garden to save food for troops overseas
Scrap drives
E-bonds

12. Ration cards and E-bonds war poster

13. Growth of the Middle Class
After World War II, Americans experience growth
Income will rise
More people own homes
Fewer farmers because of mechanization
Growth in white collar job: jobs in sales and management and blue collar jobs decline: people who perform hard manual labor
During World War II, America industrialized to keep up with building war materials.
Factories converted from making general goods to producing things needed for the war.

14. Advancements in Science and Technology
Computers
ENIAC : made simple military calculations
UNIVAC: handles business data
Medical Breakthroughs
Drugs to fight infections, arthritis, diabetes, cancer, heart disease
Polio
Jonas Salk: injectable vaccine that will prevent polio
Albert Sabin: oral vaccine to prevent polio

15. ENIVAC

16. UNIVAC

17. Salk and Sabin

18. Advancements in Science and Technology
Soviet Union launches Sputnik in 1957, US launches its own satellite in 1958.
Commercial airplanes are being built smoother and faster.

19. African American wealth
During World War II, African Americans did experience wealth due to factory jobs opening.
Many African Americans moved to the north to find better jobs in the Great Migration.
After the war, still many African Americans migrate to the cities for work.
Face discrimination
Low pay

20. GI Bill of Rights 1944 Also known as the Serviceman’s Readjustment Act
Provided generous loans to veterans to help them establish businesses, buy homes and attend college.

21. Desegregation of the military
Harry Truman signed Executive Order 9981 on July 26, 1948, ending segregation in the military.

22. Tuskegee Airmen 99th pursuit squadron
All African American squadron of fighter pilots trained in Tuskegee, Alabama
Played an important role in the Battle of Anzio in Italy

23. Places in Alabama effected by WWII
Aliceville POW Camp
Houses German prisoners after battles in North Africa
Mobile
Ship building
Birmingham
Modified B52 bombers
Bombs and explosives
Military Bases
Maxwell
Gunter
McClellan