1. Properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma
Freddie Hendriks and Diewertje Doeglas

2. Outline Introduction Quark-gluon plasma Experiment Probes Theory
Observations
Outlook
Summary

3. Introduction Quarks and gluons Asymptotic freedom and confinement
Hadronization
Source: Phys.Rev. D85 (2012)
Source: arXiv: v1 [hep-ph]

4. Quark-gluon plasma What is a plasma? Extreme pressure and temperature
Every piece is still neutral!
Electrically and colour neutral
Source: Phys.Rev. D85 (2012)
Source: nobelprize.org

5. Where to find the QGP? Early universe Neutron stars
Super nova explosions
Particle colliders

6. Experiment RHIC (Brookhaven), LHC (Geneva) Heavy ion colliders
Source: QU6

7. Experiment
Source: youtube.com

8. Probes Penetrating probes Photons Di-leptons Hard probes
Quarkonia states
Hadrons
Jet quenching
Advantages di-lepton: no blueshift, large kinematic range, constraints on the dynamics of chiral restoration
Source: RHIC

9. Theory Quantum chromodynamics Lattice QCD Perturbation theory
AdS/CFT correspondence
Source: rgbstock.com
Source: people.rit.edu
Source: Jicfus.jp
Source: tuwien.ac.at

10. Lattice QCD Automatic renormalization Fermion doubling
Source: Jicfus.jp

11. Lattice QCD results Equation of state Phase diagram
Limitations: finite chemical potential
Masses of quarks
General discretisation problems
Interpretation of result?
+ speed of sound
Source: QU6
Source: Bazavov et al. (2014)

12. Perturbation theory Taylor expansion in coupling constant
Feynman diagrams
Weak coupling limit
Source: Johan Messchendorp, 2017

13. Techniques Quasi particle Dimensional reduction Separation of scales
Screened perturbation theory
Works only for
You learn the physics?
Source: people.rit.edu

14. AdS/CFT correspondence
Holographic principle
Limit of strong coupling
Lower bound
Used for calculations with non-vanishing baryon density, out of equilibrium
Source: tuwien.ac.at

15. Summary of theory Lattice QCD: from first principle
Perturbation theory: interpretation
AdS/CFT correspondence: bound

16. Observations RHIC Elliptic flow Jet quenching Heavy quark supression
SPS
- suppresion
Enhanced strange quark production
LHC
Refined flow measurements
Source: CERN
Source: brookhaven lab

17. Elliptic flow Partial overlap in collisions
Only expected for strong coupling
Viscous relativistic hydrodynamics
Fourier decomposition
Source: Howard Wieman

18. Measuring elliptic flow
Calculate Fourier decomposition using n-particle correlations

19. Outlook
LHC
FAIR
Real future in Lattice QCD
Source: LHC

20. Summary QGP predicted by QCD First found by RHIC in 2005
Expected to be weakly interacting but found to be strongly interacting
Various theoretical approaches
Measured properties of the QGP
Real future of QGP in computer simulations