1. RELATIVE CLAUSES
HOW TO USE THEM...

2. RELATIVE CLAUSES
RELATIVE CLAUSES ARE SHORT PHRASES USED BY SOME WORDS THAT DEFINE OR DESCRIBE PEOPLE, THINGS, OBJECTS, ANIMALS, PLACES...
THERE ARE TWO TYPES:
*DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES: IT IS USED TO INDENTIFY EXACTLY WHICH PERSON OR THING WE MEAN. THE INFORMATION IS NECESSARY FOR THE SENTENCE TO MAKE SENSE.
Ex: THE DOCTOR WHO TREATED MY SISTER TOLD ME NOT TO WORRY.

3. Relative clauses
*NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES: IT’S USED TO GIVE EXTRA INFORMATION. THE INFORMATION IS NOT NECESSARY FOR THE SENTENCES TO MAKE SENSE. IT COMES BETWEEN COMMAS.
EX: PABLO PICASSO, WHO DIED IN 1973, WAS A PAINTER AND SCULPTOR.
THE RELATIVE PRONOUS USED IN SENTENCES ARE:
* WHICH *WHOM *WHY
* THAT *WHOSE *WHEN
* WHO *WHERE

4. RELATIVE CLAUSES RELATIVE PRONOUN USE EXAMPLE WHICH
REFERS TO THINGS AND ANIMALS
THE BUS WHICH GOES TO CAIRO LEAVES FROM HERE.
THAT
REFERS TO PEOPLE, ANIMALS AND THINGS. IT IS MORE COMMON IN SPEECH.
THE WOMAN THAT WE SPOKE TO, GAVE US DIRECTIONS.
WHO / WHOM
REFERS TO PEOPLE
*WHOM (FORMAL SPEECH AND WRITING) – IT IS LESS COMMON IN MODERN ENGLISH.
*IT WAS THE LADY WHOM I MET YESTERDAY.
*MY NEIGHBORS WHO LIVE NEXT DOOR MAKE A LOT OF NOISE.

5. RELATIVE CLAUSES RELATIVE PRONOUN USE EXAMPLE WHOSE
SHOWS THAT SOMETHING BELONGS TO SOMEONE.
THE GIRL WHOSE CASE HAD BEEN STOLEN, WENT TO THE POLICE STATION.
WHERE
REFERS TO PLACES
IT WAS IN HARTFORD WHERE I SAW HER FOR THE FIRST TIME.
WHY
REFERS TO A REASON
SANDRA WANTS TO KNOW WHY SHE CAN’T ENTER IN THAT ROOM.
WHEN
REFERS TO A TIME EXPRESSION
THEY GOT MARRIED IN 2002 WHEN THEY WENT TO BRIGHTON.

6. EXERCISES
COMPLETE WITH THE CORRECT RELATIVE PRONOUN THE SENTENCES BELOW:
AN OLD MAN, ___________ WAS CARRYING A SUITCASE, KNOCKED AT THE DOOR.
HE BOUGHT ALL THE TOOLS  ___________ ARE REQUIRED TO FIX HIS OLD CAR.
THESE ARE THE KIDS ____________ PARENTS ARE ARRESTED.
I’D LIKE TO KNOW BRIGHTON _____________ THERE ARE NICE BEACHES.
I DON’T KNOW ___________ DID IT.
MY NEIGHBOR’S DOG __________ IS BROWN AND WHITE HAS A STRANGE BEHAVIOR.
THE KIDS ARE ASKING YOU __________ THEY CAN’T GO TO THE PARK NOW.

7. Exercises 2) ADD A RELATIVE PRONOUNS TO JOIN THE TWO SHORT SENTENCES:
WE ATE THE FRUIT. I BOUGHT THE FRUIT.
_____________________________________________________________________
B) LUCY CALLED THE DOCTOR. MY MOTHER KNOWS THE DOCTOR.
C) SARAH EMPLOYED THE ATTORNEY. DAVE RECOMMENDED THE ATTORNEY.
______________________________________________________________________
D) THE COLLEGE IS IN DENVER. STEVE WORKS IN DENVER.
E) THAT IS THE GIRL. THE GIRL’S CAR IS AN AUDI R8.

8. EXERCISES
COMPLETE WITH THE CORRECT RELATIVE PRONOUN THE SENTENCES BELOW:
AN OLD MAN, WHO / THAT WAS CARRYING A SUITCASE, KNOCKED AT THE DOOR.
HE BOUGHT ALL THE TOOLS ´WHICH ARE REQUIRED TO FIX HIS OLD CAR.
THESE ARE THE KIDS WHOSE PARENTS ARE ARRESTED.
I’D LIKE TO KNOW BRIGHTON WHERE THERE ARE NICE BEACHES.
I DON’T KNOW WHO DID IT.
MY NEIGHBOR’S DOG WHICH / THAT IS BROWN AND WHITE HAS A STRANGE BEHAVIOR.
THE KIDS ARE ASKING YOU WHY THEY CAN’T GO TO THE PARK NOW.

9. EXERCISES
2) ADD A RELATIVE PRONOUNS TO JOIN THE TWO SHORT SENTENCES: A) WE ATE THE FRUIT THAT / WHICH I BOUGHT. B) LUCY CALLED THE DOCTOR WHO / THAT MY MOTHER KNOWS. C) SARAH EMPLOYED THE ATTORNEY WHO / THAT DAVE RECOMMENDED THE ATTORNEY. D) THE COLLEGE IS IN DENVER WHERE STEVE WORKS. E) THAT IS THE GIRL WHOSE CAR IS AN AUDI R8.