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Type Topic in here! Created by Educational Technology Network. www.edtechnetwork.com 2009.

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Presentation on theme: "Type Topic in here! Created by Educational Technology Network. www.edtechnetwork.com 2009."— Presentation transcript:

1 Type Topic in here! Created by Educational Technology Network

2 Heredity DNA Mutations Genetic Engineering Misc 10 20 30 40 50

3 Heredity 1 - 10 What statement about the cell is correct? B A C
Structure A synthesizes and secretes cellular products Structure B contains chromosomes involved in transmitting genetic information Structure C utilized DNA in the process of photosynthesis Structure D is the site of protein synthesis B A C D

4 Heredity 1 – 10 Structure B contains chromosomes involved in transmitting genetic information

5 Heredity 1 - 20 Which materials are composed of DNA? Proteins Genes
Nerve Secretions Fluid in vacuoles

6 Heredity 1 – 20 Genes

7 Heredity In an animal cell, DNA is found in the greatest concentration in the Vacuole Ribosome Nucleus Cytoplasm

8 Heredity 1 – 30 Nucleus

9 Heredity A boy inherits genes for tallness but his growth is limited as a result of poor nutrition. This is an example of An inherited disorder Environmental influences on gene expression Expression of a hidden trait A characteristic controlled by more tha one pair of genes

10 Heredity 1 – 40 Environmental influences on gene expression

11 Heredity 1 - 50 A valid observation based on this gene map is that
More than one gene may affect a single trait such as eye color Each trait is influenced by genes that are identical Each trait is influenced by one pair of genes Genes for traits such as eye color are always next to each other

12 Heredity 1 – 50 More than one gene may affect a single trait such as eye color

13 DNA 2 - 10 In a DNA molecule, the letters A, T, C and G represent
Bases Sugars Starches proteins

14 DNA 2 – 10 Bases

15 DNA What would most likely happen if the ribosomes in a cell were not functioning? The cell would undergo uncontrolled mitotic cell division The synthesis of enzymes would stop The cell would produce antibodies The rate of glucose transport in the cytoplasm would increase

16 DNA 2 – 20 The synthesis of enzymes would stop

17 DNA 2 - 30 The letter X represents 2 bases that are
Identical and joined by weak bonds Identical and joined by strong bonds A part of the genetic code for the organism Amino acids used to build folded protein molecules

18 DNA 2 – 30 A part of the genetic code for the organism

19 DNA The kinds of genes an organisms possesses are dependent on the Type of protein in the organisms nuclei Sequence of bases in the organism’s DNA Number of ribosomes in the organism’s cytoplasm Size of the mitochondria in the organism’s cells

20 DNA 2 – 40 Sequence of bases in the organism’s DNA

21 DNA What is the role of DNA molecules in the synthesis of proteins? They catalyze the formation of bonds between amino acids They determine the sequence of amino acids proteins They transfer amino acids for the cytoplasm to the nucleus They supply energy for protein synthesis

22 DNA 2 – 50 They determine the sequence of amino acids proteins

23 Mutations Which mutation could be passed on to future generations? A gene change in a liver cell Cancer caused by excessive exposure to the sun A chromosomal alteration during gamete formation Random breakage of a chromosome in a leaf cell of a maple tree

24 Mutation 3 – 10 A chromosomal alteration during gamete formation

25 Mutations Overexposure of animals to X-rays is dangerous because X-rays are know to damage DNA. A direct result of this damage is cells with Unusually thick cell walls No organelles located in the cytoplasm Abnormally large chloroplasts Changes in chromosomal structure

26 Mutations 3 – 20 Changes in chromosomal structure

27 Mutations An analysis of chromosomes in a culture containing mutated cells may show the loss of one or more bases making up the chromosome. This type of chromosomal change is known as An addition An insertion A deletion A subsitution

28 Mutations 3 – 30 A deletion

29 Mutations The diagrams below shows a normal gene sequence and 3 mutated sequences of a segment of DNA Normal Sequence Mutation A CATTAGAAC Mutation C CATGTAGAAC CTTAGAAC Mutation B GATTAGAAC Which correctly identifies the cause of each mutation? Row Mutation A Mutation B Mutation C 1 deletion Substitution insertion 2 Insertion 3 Deletion substitution 4

30 Mutations 3 – 40 2 Insertion Substitution Deletion

31 Mutations The diagram below represents a portion of a type of organic molecule present in the cells of organisms What will most likely happen if there is a change in the base sequence of this molecule? The molecule will be converted into an inorganic compound The amino acid sequence may be altered during protein synthesis The chromosome number will decrease in future generations The chromosome number may increase within the organisms

32 Mutations 3 – 50 The amino acid sequence may be altered during protein synthesis

33 Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering is used in the biotechnology industry to Eliminate all infections in livestock Synthesize hormones such as insulin and human growth hormone Increase the frequency of fertilization Eliminate asexual reproduction

34 Genetic Engineering 4 – 10 Synthesize hormones such as insulin and human growth hormone

35 Genetic Engineering The insertion of a human DNA fragment into a bacterial cell might make it possible For the bacterial cell to produce a human protein To clone the human that donated that DNA fragment For humans to become immune to an infection by this type of bacteria To clone this type of bacteria

36 Genetic Engineering 4 – 20 For the bacterial cell to produce a human protein

37 Genetic Engineering A product of genetic engineering technology is represented below Which substance was needed to join the insulin gene to the bacterial DNA as shown? A specific carbohydrate A specific enzyme Hormones antibodies

38 Genetic Engineering 4 – 30 A specific enzyme

39 Genetic Engineering The technique illustrated in the diagram is known as Genetic Engineering Protein Synthesis Internal Fertilization External Fertilization

40 Genetic Engineering 4 – 40 Genetic Engineering

41 Genetic Engineering Researchers Cohn and Boyer transferred a gene from an African clawed frog into a bacterium. To accomplish this these scientists had to use Enzymes to cut out and insert the gene Hereditary information located in the amino acids Radiation to increase the gene mutation rate of the bacterial cells Cancer cells to promote rapid cell division

42 Genetic Engineering 4 – 50 Enzymes to cut out and insert the gene

43 Misc Hereditary information for most traits is general located in Genes found in chromosomes Chromosomes found in genes The ribosome of sperm cells The mitochondria in the cytoplasm

44 Misc 5 – 10 Genes found in chromosomes

45 Misc An analysis of chromosomes in a culture containing mutated cells may show the loss of one or more bases making up the chromosome. This type of chromosomal change is known as An addition An insertion A deletion A substitution

46 Misc 5 – 20 A deletion

47 Misc A change that alters the base sequence in an organism’s DNA is a Mutation Replication Clone Zygote

48 Answer 5 – 30 Mutation

49 Question 5 - 40 The diagram represents a portion of DNA A T C G T A
Which DNA strand would correctl pair with the one illustrated? G C A T C G T A G C A T A T G C T A C A T G A C

50 Misc 5 – 40 T A G C A T

51 Misc The diagram illustrates what happens to the fur color of Himalayan rabbit after prolonged exposure to a low temperature The change in fur color is most likely due to The effect of heredity on gene expression The arrangement of genes on chromosomes Environmental influences on gene action Mutations resulting from a change in the environment

52 Misc 5 – 50 Environmental influences on gene action


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