1. Do Now Which is more dense?A B
Why?
Same volume, more mass.
Less volume, same mass.
Less volume, more mass.

2. States of Matter
Solid
Gas
Liquid

3. Matter
Anything that
has
mass
and takes up
space
Touch
Smell
Taste

4. The of a type of depends on:
matter
The of a type of depends on:
physical state
How its atoms and molecules are
Arranged &
How they
move

5. Kinetic Theory of Matter
All matter is made up of tiny
These particles are in
particles
constant motion

6. Brownian Motion
A scientist named Brown observed particles vibrating. He discovered that all particles are moving all the time.

7. Brownie in Motion

8. ALL atoms are moving ALL the time!

9. The states of matter:

10. Solids do not take the shape of their containers
Solids do not take the shape of their containers. SOLIDS have a definite shape.

11. Solid: (Example: Wood block)
Definite size and shape.
Particles are close together.
Particles vibrate.

12. There are 2 types of Solids
Crystalline Solids
Particles are arranged in repeating geometric pattern
Creates crystals (ex. Diamonds, Salt, Sugar)
Well defined melting point
Amorphous Solids
Non-repeating, random arrangement of particles
No crystals (ex. Glass, Rubber, Coal)
Melting point is a range, not well defined

13. There are 2 types of Solids
Crystalline Solids
Amorphous Solids

15. Liquids take the shape of their containers…
So do gases.

16. Liquid: (Example: Water)
Do not have a fixed shape: Take the shape of their container. Have a fixed volume.
Particles are further apart.
Particles move freely.

17. Gas: (Example: Air, Steam)
Do not have a fixed shape NOR volume. Take the shape and volume of their container.
Particles are very far apart.
Particles move very freely and very quickly.

18. Do Now
Describe how the particles in a solid, liquid and a gas are arranged and how they move

19. Pressure more pressure.
When molecules move and bounce around, they bang on the walls of their container, creating pressure.
When you heat a gas, the molecules will bounce around more, and hit the walls of its container harder, creating
more pressure.
Period 9

20. If the container is rigid, pressure will become very high.

21. If the container is not rigid….
….the container will expand.

22. The pressure could lift up a man!

23. Boyle’s Law
When you squeeze a gas it gets smaller and pressure inside increases.
Volume Pressure

24. Charles’ Law
A hot gas expands
A cold gas contracts

25. Do Now
Define pressure
Describe Bolye’s and Charles Law

26. Fluids Both liquids and gases Takes the shape of its container
Are capable of flowing
Both liquids and gases

27. Hydraulics- Apply a small force on small piston and it becomes a large force on the other piston

28. Bernoulli’s Principle
When fluids are moving faster over an area they exert lower pressure
Over the wing:
Faster = Lower Pressure
Below the wing:
Slower = Higher Pressure
Creates LIFT Upwards!

29. Trouble with the Curve- The Magnus Effect
The spin creates a lower pressure on one side of the ball
The ball travels in the direction of lower pressure creating a curve
Lower Velocity
Higher Velocity

30. The G.O.A.T.

31. Do now: What happens when you heat matter up
Do now: What happens when you heat matter up? Explain what the particles are doing

32. Diffusion
Molecules will move from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated.

33. Kinetic Energy
Heat adds kinetic energy to the moving particles.
As a result, the particles move faster.

34. Temperature The measure of the energy of movement of molecules.
The measure of their Kinetic Energy!

35. What effect does temperature have on the motion of atoms?
All particles are always in motion! (even in a solid!)
When they are hotter, they move faster!

36. Could it ever get cold enough to stop the motion of particles?
Absolute zero is the theoretical temperature where there is no kinetic energy in a particle. (0° K)
Scientists have come very close to this temperature in a laboratory but it is not possible to reach 0° K.

37. The 3 Temperature Scales

38. What is the relationship between kinetic energy and states of matter???

39. Moving particles break free!
The more the particles move, the further away from each other they get.
When they get further away from each other, they will change into a different state of matter.
Solid  Liquid  Gas
Start here on Wednesday?

40. Phase Change Solid Liquid Gas Deposition Melting Vaporization Freezing
Condensation
Sublimation

41. As you add heat to ice it melts…
Gaseous Water
110°C
And then evaporates…
Liquid Water
50°C
100°C
Solid Water
-10°C
Boiling Point
(Condensation Point)
0°C
Freezing Point/ Melting Point

42. As you cool off steam, it condenses…
Boiling Point
(Condensation Point)
100°C
Gaseous Water
50°C
Freezing Point/ Melting Point
0°C
Liquid Water
Solid Water
-10°C
As you cool off steam, it condenses…
And then freezes…

43. Freezing Point At what temperature does water freeze?
0 celsius is the freezing point of water
At what temperature does ice melt?
0 celsius is the melting point of water

44. Boiling point At what temperature does water boil and vaporize?
100 celsius is the boiling point of water
At what temperature does water condense?
100 celsius is the condensing point of water

45. Do Now: Describe what is happening at the flat parts of the graph.
100
Temp °C
Time on a hot stove (min)

46. Phase Change Graph Note: There is NO Temperature
Change during Phase Change
Tempe r a t u r e
L G
Gas
S L
Liquid
Solid
Heat Energy

47. Temperature does not change during the phase change
When matter is changing from one state to another all of the energy (heat) is being used to push the molecules apart.
When the phase change is over the temp increases again.

48. Heat of Fusion The amount of heat that must be
added to melt a solid into a liquid
The amount of heat that must be
removed to freeze a liquid into a solid

49. Phase Change Graph Heat of Fusion Note: There is NO Temperature
Change during Phase Change
Tempe r a t u r e
L G
Gas
Heat of Fusion
S L
Liquid
Solid
Heat Energy

50. Heat of Vaporization The amount of heat that must be
added to vaporize a liquid into a gas
The amount of heat that must be
removed to condense a gas into a liquid

51. Phase Change Graph Heat of Vaporization Note: There is NO Temperature
Change during Phase Change
Tempe r a t u r e
Heat of Vaporization
L G
Gas
S L
Liquid
Solid
Heat Energy

52. Time vs. Temp.
What is happening at each letter? E D C B A

53. Here is a heating curve for gold: What temp is Hf and Hv
Here is a heating curve for gold: What temp is Hf and Hv? What is happening at each point?
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