2. If I started like that, how did I get to this?

3. CELL CYCLE
Over time, organisms grow; many cells die and need to be replaced.
The process in a cell’s life cycle when it reproduces to create two new identical cells is called mitosis.

4. Cells formed during mitosis are known as daughter cells.

5. The stages that a cell goes through during its existence is called the “cell cycle”

6. Cell Cycle The cell cycle consists of four stages
G1 (Gap/Growth 1 Phase)
S (Synthesis Phase)
G2 (Gap/Growth 2 Phase)
M (Mitosis/Mitotic Phase)
The first three phases (G1, S, G2) as a group, are called Interphase. Cells spend the majority of their life in this stage.

7. Interphase – G1
‘Gap/Growth' phase in which the cell grows and duplicates internal organelles (not DNA).

8. Interphase - S
Phase when new DNA is synthesized through DNA replication.

9. Interphase – G2
‘Gap/Growth' phase in which the cell grows and checks copied DNA for any errors.

10. Mitosis
Mitosis - M is the phase in which the cell physically divides into two daughter cells.

11. Mitosis Mitosis has four sub-phases: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase
Telophase

12. PROPHASE
Chromatin (DNA) condenses, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and spindle fibers form from centrioles.

13. METAPHASE Replicated chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
Spindle fibers attach to the centromere of each chromosome.

14. ANAPHASE
Chromosomes begin to be pulled apart, and the cell becomes elongated, with distinct ends (poles).

15. TELOPHASE Nuclear membrane re-forms around the separated chromosomes
Chromosomes begin to uncoil.

16. CYTOKINESIS The final division of the cytoplasm that completes the process of mitosis making two complete, identical daughter cells.
ANIMAL CELLS
Cell membrane pinches in to create the cleavage furrow, separating the cell into two daughter cells, each with one nucleus.
PLANT CELLS
Cell plate forms down center of the cell between the two nuclei and creates a new cell wall

17. Mitosis Made Super Easy
Basic Mitosis
Mitosis Made Super Easy

18. Regulating the Cell Cycle
Proteins called cyclins regulate the timing of the cell cycle.
These proteins “tell” the cell when it is time to divide.
Cancer - disorder when cells lose the ability to control their growth and form clusters of irregular cells called tumors.
Cancer & The Cell Cycle
Normal vs. Cancer Cell Growth
Why We Haven't Cured Cancer

19. What Stage is This?

20. PROPHASE

22. METAPHASE

24. METAPHASE

26. ANAPHASE

28. TELOPHASE

30. CYTOKINESIS

32. PROPHASE