1. The Basic Phrase Model: Tonic and Dominant Voice-Leading
Chapter 12

2. Completing the Chapter Successfully
In order to complete the chapter successfully you need to:
Review Dominant and Tonic Chords/Triads
Read Chapter 12
Learn ALL Vocabulary Words
Learn ALL Key Concepts
Have a thorough understanding chapter topics

3. Phrase Phrases give music motion toward the cadence
Phrase Structure…just like a sentence
Beginning
Middle
End - Marked by a cadence
Phrase Endings:
Conclusively (sentence punctuated with a period - Authentic Cadence)
Inconclusively (clause punctuated with a comma or semicolon - Half Cadence)

4. Conclusive Cadences SOUND FINISHED!!
Usually end on scale degree 1 in the bass and soprano
Ending on 3 or 5 in the soprano still allows it to sound complete, but it considered to not be as “strong”

5. Inconclusive Cadences
SOUND INCOMPLETE!!
Rubato is sometimes used to add suspense and surprise of avoiding the tonic

6. Basic Phrase 3 Parts: Tonic Area (I) - Usually a full triad
Dominant Area (V)
Tonic Closure (I) - Can omit the 5th

8. Tonic Area Tonic Triad is Built using scales degrees 1, 3, and 5
Tonic at the beginning of the phrase establishes a stable base
At the end of a phrase the 5th of the triad is not always included

9. Resolution of V7
The following must happen when resolving a V7 chord to I:
Scale degree 7 (3rd of V7) must resolve up
; ti do
Scale degree 4 (7th of V7) must resolve down
; fa mi (me in minor)
Scale degree 5 (Root of V7) usually goes to 1 (root position) or stays the same (in inversions).
Scale degree 2 (7th of V7) usually goes to 5 (root position) or 1 (in inversions).
This means a V42 will always go to a I6 (i6 in
minor)…WHY? (Think about it first, then we will discuss.)

11. Homework In your Chapter 12 Book Packet
page 119; III. Resolution of V7
Lets do the first one together using your voice lead from V to I handout.

12. Perfect Authentic Cadences
Perfect Authentic Cadence (PAC)
Perfect refers to the soprano and bass ending on scale degree 1
Authentic refers to the V-I motion
Example:

13. Imperfect Authentic Cadences
Imperfect Authentic Cadence (IAC)
Imperfect refers to scale degree 1 is not in the soprano and bass (can be in of the voice, but not in both)
Authentic again refers to the V-I motion
Example:

14. Half Cadences Inconclusive Cadence - prolongs the phrase ending
Ends on a root position V chord (usually scale degree 2 is in the soprano)
Usually goes from I-V
Function like a comma in a sentence
Example: