1. Fossils Conditions needed for fossil formation:
Protection from scavengers and destructive forces (e.g. covered with sediment
Hard parts such as bones, shells, or teeth decay more slowly and have a better chance to fossilize

2. Types of Fossils Permineralized
tiny spaces where cells were are replaced with minerals as groundwater seeps in
Some organic matter (DNA) may remain

3. Carbon Films
A thin film of carbon is left after being subjected to heat and pressure

4. Coal Molds and Casts mold cast Plant material accumulates in
swampy regions
The material carbonizes
Molds and Casts
Impressions form when hard objects fall into soft sediment; the hard part decays = mold
Later, mineral-rich water or sediments fill the mold and make a cast
mold cast

5. Original Remains Trace Fossils Trails and Burrow
soft parts of organisms are preserved
in amber or tar pits
Trace Fossils
Fossilized tracks or
other evidence of how an organism lived
Trails and Burrow
Insect burrows in coprolite

7. http://www. lewistonpublicschools
Geologic time scale spiral