1. 3/5 Daily Catalyst Pg. 89 Review
1. In CR, NADH and FADH2 are electron shuttles that deliver electrons. How much ATP is produced from NADH and FADH2?
2. What is the effect(s) of electrons NOT passing from complex to complex?
3. In PS, cyclic phosphorylation produces ________.

2. 3/5 Daily Catalyst Pg. 89 Review
1. In CR, NADH and FADH2 are electron shuttles that deliver electrons. How much ATP is produced from NADH and FADH2?
FADH2= 2 ATP
NADH= 3 ATP
2. What is the effect(s) of electrons NOT passing from complex to complex?
Water will NOT be made
Hydrogen's will not be pumped across the membrane
ATP Synthase will not produce ATP
3. In PS, cyclic phosphorylation produces ________.
ATP

3. 3/5 Fun Fact

4. 3/5 Class Business I will be gone Monday I will not see you Tuesday
Sub packet due Wednesday
Test corrections due Wednesday
Key on the website and posted on the board
I will not see you Tuesday
On Wednesday, we will begin Chemistry!
Have your sub packet and test corrections ready to turn in!

5. 3/5 Agenda Daily Catalyst Class Business Enzyme lab Review Quiz #22

8. Enzyme Lab
When you finish the lab, work on the post-lab and conclusion.

9. Review quiz #22

10. CR REVIEW Glycolysis CAC ETC Fermentation Location Cytoplasm
Matrix of the mito
Inner membrane of the mito
Reactant
Glucose
Acetyl CoA
NADH & FADH2 dropping off e’s
Pryuvate
Product
2 Pyruvate -
Water & ATP
Alcohol and lactic acid, NAD+
ATP? 2
~36
NO!
NADH? 6
use
FADH2?
CO2?
Water?
yes

11. 2 ATP molecules are invested. Need money to make money!
Dihydroxyacetone
phosphate
Glyceraldehyde-
3-phosphate H OH HO
CH2OH O P
CH2O
CH2 C
CHOH
ATP
ADP
Hexokinase
Glucose
Glucose-6-phosphate
Fructose-6-phosphate
Phosphoglucoisomerase
Phosphofructokinase
Fructose-
1, 6-bisphosphate
Aldolase
Isomerase
Glycolysis 1 2 3 4 5
Oxidative
phosphorylation
Citric
acid
cycle
Figure 9.9 A
2 ATP molecules are invested.
Need money to make money!

12. 1, 3-Bisphosphoglycerate
2 NAD+
NADH 2
+ 2 H+
Triose phosphate
dehydrogenase
P i P C
CHOH O
CH2 O–
1, 3-Bisphosphoglycerate
2 ADP
2 ATP
Phosphoglycerokinase
3-Phosphoglycerate
Phosphoglyceromutase
CH2OH H
2-Phosphoglycerate
2 H2O
Enolase
Phosphoenolpyruvate
Pyruvate kinase
CH3 6 8 7 9 10
Pyruvate
Figure 9.8 B
4 ATP molecules are produced.
4- 2(energy investment phase)= 2 ATP left!

14. A closer look at the citric acid cycle
Acetyl CoA
NADH
Oxaloacetate
Citrate
Malate
Fumarate
Succinate
Succinyl
CoA
a-Ketoglutarate
Isocitrate
Citric
acid
cycle S SH
FADH2
FAD
GTP
GDP
NAD+
ADP
P i
CO2
H2O
+ H+ C
CH3 O
COO–
CH2 HO HC CH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Glycolysis
Oxidative
phosphorylation
ATP
Figure 9.12 X2
Key Point #4: FADH2
Coenzyme
Electron shuttle
Not as energetic as NADH
Figure 9.12
We do not need to memorize EVERY step of the CAC, but we can take notice that first this is a cycle! It goes round and round! Also, this eight step process would not be possible without enzymes at every step speeding up conversions! This step of cellular respiration is NOT a huge maker of ATP like glycolysis, but we do see some ATP made here and production of NADH and FADH2 which will make a lot of ATP in the next step. The cycle will occur twice since there are two Acetyl CoA molecules.

15. Electron transport chain Oxidative phosphorylation
Chemiosmosis and the electron transport chain
Oxidative
phosphorylation.
electron transport
and chemiosmosis
Glycolysis
ATP
Inner
Mitochondrial
membrane H+
P i
Protein complex
of electron
carners
Cyt c I II
III IV
(Carrying electrons
from, food)
NADH+
FADH2
NAD+
FAD+
2 H+ + 1/2 O2
H2O
ADP +
Electron transport chain
Electron transport and pumping of protons (H+),
which create an H+ gradient across the membrane
Chemiosmosis
ATP synthesis powered by the flow
Of H+ back across the membrane
synthase Q
Oxidative phosphorylation
Intermembrane
space
mitochondrial
matrix
Figure 9.15

16. (a) Alcohol fermentation (b) Lactic acid fermentation
2 ADP + 2 P1
2 ATP
Glycolysis
Glucose
2 NAD+
2 NADH
2 Pyruvate
2 Acetaldehyde
2 Ethanol
(a) Alcohol fermentation
2 Lactate
(b) Lactic acid fermentation H OH
CH3 C
O – O O–
CO2 2
Figure 9.17

17. PS REVIEW Light Reaction Dark Reaction Location Thylakoid membrane
Stroma
Reactants
Photons, water
CO2, ATP, NADPH
Products
O2, NADPH, ATP
Glucose (6times)
NADPH?
YES
use
ATP?
Glucose?
Not produced
produce
O2?
yes -
Chlorophyll?
nope

18. ATP H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ ADP H+ P thylakoid membrane thylakoid space
stroma
ATP synthase e-
NADPH
NADP+ e-
Photosystem I (P700)
Photosystem II (P680)
5000 e-
4999 e-
5000 e-
5000 e-
5000 e-
4999 e-
This “animation” walks through the steps of noncyclic electron flow, as outlined on the previous 3 slides. The “5000 e-” is meant for illustrative purposes only; no matter how many electrons were contained in photosystems II and I, if there was no way to replace those electrons, eventually the number of electrons would be 0. If that were to occur, there would no electrons to be excited by light, and the light reactions would grind to a halt. The electron that was “excited away” from photosystem I is replaced by the electron that was “excited away” from photosystem II; photosystem II’s lost electron is replaced through photolysis – the splitting of water – which releases ½ a molecule of O2 as a byproduct. This is where the oxygen comes from that is produced during photosynthesis, and is why autotrophs need water to perform photosynthesis! The oxygen is released through the stomata. The electron that was excited away from Photosystem I ends up reducing [adding an electron to] NADP+ to form NADPH, an important electron carrier that is needed in the Calvin Cycle.
Make sure to point out to students the coupled reactions that occur; as the electron travels down the electron transport chain, its “lost energy” is used to pump protons from the stroma to the thylakoid space to build a concentration gradient. Then, as those protons diffuse back across the thylakoid membrane through ATP synthase to achieve equilibrium, they cause ATP synthase to spin (like a turbine), which forces ADP and the phosphate group together, forming ATP.
Don’t forget to point out that the membrane is key here! If there was no thylakoid membrane (or if its integrity was disrupted and therefore “leaky”), it would be impossible to build this concentration gradient – not to mention that the cytochromes, photosystems, and ATP synthase would not exist/be functional!
Make sure to make the connection with “osmosis” when discussing “chemiosmosis;” for students who understand the idea of the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (as in osmosis), discuss the idea that this is essentially the same process, just with protons (H+) instead of water molecules. H+ H+ H H H+ O H+ H+ H+ H+ e- H+ O H+
(2 H+ & ½ O2)

19. Phase 2: The Calvin Cycle
CO2
Rubisco
ATP
RuBP
NADPH
- This simple schematic diagram gives a basic overview of what occurs during the Calvin Cycle. Carbon dioxide enters the cycle from the atmosphere and is joined to RuBP by Rubisco. NADPH and ATP are used to “turn” the cycle, and organic compounds (such as G3P/PGAL) are produced.
NADP+
ADP P
ORGANIC COMPOUND

20. Enzymes Review

21. 3/6 Birthday fun!

22. Grab a calculator if needed
Unit 8 Energy Test
Name on your scantron
Date: 3/6
Class: 3
Quiz: Energy
PLEASE USE PENCIL!
Grab a calculator if needed
Time: 60 minutes
Noise: 0 (SILENT)

23. 3/6 Class Business I will be gone Monday I will not see you Tuesday
Sub packet due Wednesday
Test corrections due Wednesday
Key on the website and posted on the board
I will not see you Tuesday
On Wednesday, we will begin Chemistry!
Have your sub packet and test corrections ready to turn in!