1. intercultural communicationBY
李腾 16生工1班

2. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
INTERCULTURAL 
COMMUNICATION
（ICC）
"People fail to get along because they fear each other;  They fear each other because they don't know each other;  They don't know each other because  they have not communicated with each other." 
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

3. 1.Books Recommended:
[1] Ron Scollon Suzanne Wong Scollon :Intercultural Communication: A Discourse Approach , 外语教学与研究出版社，2000;
[2] 贾玉新:《跨文化交际学》,上海外语教育出版社，1997;
[3] 林大津:《跨文化交际研究》，福建人民出版社， 1996;
[4] 胡文仲:《文化与交际》，外语教学研究出版社，1997.

4. 2.The Quantity of Intercultural Communication
International Contacts
Three international developments that made international contact more axiomatic and pervasive:
New technology and information systems;
changes in the world population;
a shift in the word’s arena;

5. 3. About the word Communication (1) Origin: The English word “Communication “originates from Latin word “commonis”, which means common. The concept of communication is closely connected with the meaning of commonness(共同/共享). 2) Meanings: Some anthropologists and the authors of this book communication and culture are closely linked, the two terms are virtually synonymous. Culture is the foundation of communication.

6. 4.The definitions of communication
1.The Collins Cobuild English Language Dictionary:
Communication is defined as the activity or process of giving information to other people or to other living things using signals such as speech, body movements, or radio signals. To sum it up, it is anything that adds meaning to a message. Communication is an ever-changing process and the present communications have a great impact on the communication in the future.

7. 2.Oxford Companion to the English Language(McArthur,1993):
Communication refer to the transmission of information( a massage)between source (sender)
and reciever,by using signaling system.

8. 3.Any act by which one person gives to or receives from another person information about that person's needs, desires, perceptions, knowledge, or affective states. Communication may be intentional or unintentional, may involve conventional or unconventional signals, may take linguistic or nonlinguistic forms, and may occur through spoken or other modes.

9. 5.The definitions of Culture
I. About the word Culture
1） Origin: The English word Culture originates from the Latin colo, -ere, with its root meaning "to cultivate", generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance.
2） Culture is a term used in confusing and contradictory ways. There is no standard definition of culture. In 1952 Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of more than 164 definitions of "culture" in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions.

10. 2.The Modern Chinese Dictionary:
1) The total sum of material and spiritual wealth created by the mankind in the process of the social and historical development, esp,literature, art, science, education, etc. (From this we can see culture includes everything, material and spiritural, created by human beings)
2) The ability to use the written language and possession of book knowledge .

11. 6.Communication language differences
Chinese:
Most Chinese use “eat it?” “Where is it?”
[reflect a kind of intimacy(亲切感) between people. However, The West believes that this way of saying hello will make the other party feel sudden, embarrassing, or even unhappy, because it will be understood as a kind of “cross-examination” and they feel that the other party is asking about their private life.]
The West:
by saying “Hello” or by time, saying “Good morning!” “Good afternoon!” “Good evening!”

12. 7.Title differences Chinese:
more use of honorific titles. Generally speaking, only people who are familiar with each other's intimates can “call their names”.
[Be clear about generational relationships, old age, etc., otherwise you will be considered polite.]
The West:
"Calling for the name" is much broader than in the Chinese language

13. 8.Farewell differences Chinese:
When saying goodbye to the patient, Chinese people often say that they "drink more water," "wear more clothes," "early rest," and so on, to show concern for the patient.
The West:
never say such words as "drink more water" because it would be considered as gesticulating. For example, they would say "take care" or "hope you get well soon" and so on.

14. 9.Others
For instance, “full moon” symbolizes jubilation and reunion in China, and “a bright moon in the sky” makes people feel quiet and at leisure. Ideas of beauty differ from one culture to another. For example, the Flathead Indian of North America used to bind the heads of babies between board so they would have long sloping foreheads. In the Flathead culture, long sloping foreheads were beautiful. Other cultures might think that they are strange-looking and unattractive. For another example, when people die, different cultures deals with their bodies in different ways. Sometimes bodies are buried. Sometimes bodies are buried under the ground. In many cultures in the past, people were buried with food, weapons, and other things that might be useful in the next life. For instance, the ancient Egyptians buried people with little human figures which were from clay. This clay figures were intended to work the death person in the other world.

15. Conclusion
TO sum up, different nations hold different cultures. It is brief that different people do the same things or consider the same things in different ways. So, we should have a good attitude to learn or know the difference of intercultural Communication.