1. Land Grabs & Maximizing Profits
Key Terms #2
Land Grabs & Maximizing Profits
World History
Unit 4

2. Essential Question:
How does these Key Terms help explain the concept of Imperialism?

3. Cargo ships move through the Suez Canal
8. Suez and Panama Canals
Created to help move goods faster
Both VERY important to European Trade
Suez – 1869
Connects the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea
Shipping from Europe to Africa and Asia becomes much faster
Suez Canal
In 1854 and 1856 Ferdinand de Lesseps obtained a concession from Said Pasha, the viceroy of Egypt, to create a company to construct a maritime canal open to ships of all nations, according to plans created by Austrian engineer Alois Negrelli. The company was to operate the canal by leasing the relevant land, for 99 years from its opening for navigation. De Lesseps had used his friendly relationship with Said, which he had developed while he was a French diplomat during the 1830s. The Suez Canal Company (Compagnie Universelle du Canal Maritime de Suez) came into being on December 15, 1858.
The excavation took nearly 11 years, mostly through the forced labor of Egyptian workers — a form of labor which was not unique to the French, nor the British before them. Some sources estimate that over 30,000 people were forced to work on the canal. [7] But others estimate that 120,000 people died from the work.
The Panama Canal is a ship canal which joins the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific ocean. One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, it had an enormous impact on shipping between the two oceans, replacing the long and treacherous route via the Drake Passage and Cape Horn at the southernmost tip of South America. A ship sailing from New York to San Francisco via the canal travels 9,500 km (6,000 miles), well under half the 22,500 km (14,000 miles) route around Cape Horn.[1] Although the concept of a canal near Panama dates back to the early 16th century, the first attempt to construct a canal began in 1880 under French leadership. After this attempt failed and 21,900 workers died, the project of building a canal was attempted and completed by the United States in the early 1900s, with the canal opening in The building of the 77 km (48 mi) canal was plagued by problems, including disease (particularly malaria and yellow fever) and landslides. By the time the canal was completed, a total of 27,500 workmen are estimated to have died in the French and American efforts.
Cargo ships move through the Suez Canal

4. The Suez Canal

5. The Panama Canal

6. The “LOCK” system of the Panama Canal
8. Suez & Panama Canals
Panama Canal—1914
Connects the Atlantic & Pacific Oceans
Shortens trade routes from 22,000 miles to 6,000 miles; also far less dangerous
The “LOCK” system of the Panama Canal

7. 9. Malaria
Many Europeans who colonized foreign countries died from malaria. So much so, that Africa was known as the "white man's grave".
Over 20,000 workers died while building the Panama Canal – many of them from malaria
Malaria is carried by mosquitos

8. Malaria and Quinine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IrNL27eWKOI
YOU ONLY NEED TO LISTEN TO 1:08

9. 10. Quinine Quinine was found to treat malaria
Quinine is made from bark of cinchona tree
By the 1930s the Dutch were responsible for 97% of the world's quinine production
Cinchona tree bark = quinine pill = treatment for malaria (carried by mosquitos)
Tree from South America but Dutch grew it in the East Indies
cinchona tree

10. Sepoys of the British East India Company
Sepoys were natives of India
They were hired as soldiers by the East India Company (Private English company) to enforce rule over their own people of India
A sepoy (from Persian سپاهی Sipâhi meaning "soldier") was a native of India employed as a soldier in the service of a European power, usually of the United Kingdom. Specifically, it was the term used in the British Indian Army for an infantry Private (a cavalry Trooper was a Sowar), and is still so used in the modern Indian Army, Pakistan Army and Bangladesh Army.
Non-European mercenaries
Work for Euro-companies
Sepoys of the British East India Company

11. 12. Extraterritoriality Protects Europeans while overseas
This law makes Europeans not subject to local laws
This occurred throughout European Imperial land holdings in China, Africa, India, Southeast Asia and the Middle East
Extraterritoriality is the state of being exempt from the jurisdiction of local law.
The three most common cases recognized today internationally relate to the persons and belongings of foreign sovereigns, the persons and belongings of ambassadors and certain other diplomatic agents, and public ships in foreign waters. Extraterritoriality is often extended to friendly or allied militaries, particularly for the purposes of allowing that military to simply pass through one's territory.
Extraterritoriality can also refer to the extension of the power of a nation's laws to its citizens abroad. For example, if a person commits homicide abroad and goes back to his country of citizenship, the latter can still try him under its own laws, although this is likely to involve transfer of evidence and other judicial information.

12. 13. Berlin Conference
Berlin Conference of 1885 settled arguments over which European counties had claim over which part of Africa
No African delegates were invited to attended the conference
Berlin Conference ( ) settled arguments over Africa
Agreed how to make a claim in Africa
No African delegates attended the conference
Europe meets to avoid bloodshed.
Scramble for Africa
No non-Europeans invited
Set up rules
France, Britain, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Spain, and Portugal
Otto von Bismarck

13. 14. Apartheid
The Dutch settled South Africa in 1652 and soon took over the area.
Apartheid was laws setting up LEGAL racial segregation of the races in South Africa – 1900s to 1990s
Apartheid applied to jobs, cities, schools, shopping, etc.
Apartheid (literally "apartness" in Afrikaans and Dutch) was a system of racial segregation that was enforced in South Africa from 1948 to South Africa had long been ruled by whites and apartheid was designed to form a legal framework for continued economic and political dominance by people of European descent.
Under apartheid, people were legally classified into a racial group - the main ones being White, Black, Indian and Colored - and were geographically, and forcibly, separated from each other on the basis of the legal classification. The Black majority, in particular, legally became citizens of particular "homelands" that were nominally sovereign nations but operated more akin to United States Indian Reservations and Australian/Canadian Aboriginal Reserves. In reality, a majority of Black South Africans had never resided in these "homelands."
In practice, this prevented non-white people — even if actually resident in white South Africa — from having a vote or influence, restricting their rights to faraway homelands that they may never have visited. Education, medical care, and other public services were sometimes claimed to be separate but equal, but those available to non-white people were generally regarded as inferior.

14. Answer the Essential Question: (minimum of 5 sentences)
How does these Key Terms help explain the concept of Imperialism?