1. The Cell Cycle: Interphase and Mitosis McGraw Hill 3-D animation:

2. Purpose of the Cell Cycle
The cell cycle is needed for growth, development, tissue repair etc.
Embryo developing from zygote animation

3. The CELL CYCLE (Sequence of growth and division of a cell)
Interphase (cell grows, lives, undergoes metabolism etc.)
G1 stage = cell growth and development,
S stage= chromatin replicated in nucleus (S= DNA SYNTHESIS)
G2 stage= Getting ready for MITOSIS
centrioles (found only in animals) replicate
making of proteins needed for MITOSIS
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4. PMAT (stages of mitosis)
Mitosis (process by which two daughter cells are formed, each with a complete set of chromosomes)
PMAT (stages of mitosis)

5. Prophase chromosomes become visible
sister chromatids attached by Centromere
Nuclear envelope and nucleolus disintegrate
centrioles move to opposite poles of cell
The spindle apparatus forms
DNA Condensation Animation

6. Metaphase
Chromosomes line up down middle (equator) of cell.

7. Anaphase
Centromeres split and sister chromatids separate and are pulled toward opposite poles of cell.

8. Telophase
Chromatids reach opposite poles of cell
chromosomes unwind
spindle breaks down
nucleolus reappears
nuclear envelope reforms

9. Cytokinesis = division of the cytoplasm
Animals: plasma membrane pinches in along equator
Plants: Cell Plate forms.
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10. Differentiation
Study the diagram and discuss.
How does this occur?

11. Differentiation
Cells specialize by turning on (expressing)some genes but turning off others.

12. 8.3 Control of the Cell Cycle Enzymes control the cell cycle
Normal Control of Cell Cycle
Enzymes control the cell cycle
Production of enzymes is controlled by genes (segments of DNA that control protein production)
Cancer: Mistake in the Cell Cycle!!
Mutations of genes that control the cell cycle
Uncontrolled cell growth
Tumors
Metastasis= spreading of cancer to other body parts.
2nd leading cause of death in U.S.
Causes of cancer
Environmental factors (mutagens)
certain viruses
diet and exercise