1. Enviropigs: Constructing an Argument:

2. Key Vocabulary
Claim – Your basic belief about a particular topic, issue, event, or idea
Counterclaim – A solid and reasonable argument that opposes or disagrees with your claim
Rebuttal – A written or verbal response to a counterclaim. The object of the rebuttal is to take into account the ideas presented in the counterclaim and explain why they aren’t persuasive enough, valid enough, or important enough to outweigh your own claim
Support – Your specific facts or specific evidence used to support why your claim is true
Refute – Argue against a position or prove it to be wrong
Qualify – A “partly-agree” stance in which you agree (in part) with another person’s argument or position but also disagree with part of it

3. Activity 1: Practice making an argument
First, we need to choose a topic.
Possible topics include:
Better to have siblings or be an only child
Best social media platform: Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, etc.
Better vacation location: the beach or the mountains
Best transportation: Public transit, car, walking, biking, etc.
Other?
Using the vocabulary we just introduced, provide your position on this topic.
Encourage students to jot down examples of each of these vocabulary words to help them remember what they look like in an argument.
Discuss which rebuttals were most effective and why.
Discuss when it is a good strategy to qualify a position or refute it entirely.

4. Argumentative essay Persuasive essay
Makes claims based on factual evidence.
May make claims based on opinion.
Makes counter-claims. The author takes opposing views into account.
May not take opposing ideas into account.
Neutralizes or “defeats” serious opposing ideas.
Convinces audience through the merit and reasonableness of the claims and proofs offered.
Persuades by appealing to the audience’s emotion or by relying on the character or credentials of the writer – less on the merits of her or his reasons and evidence.
Often compares texts or ideas to establish a position.
Logic-based
Emotion-based

5. Activity 2: Argument or Persuade?
Did you make an argument or try to persuade or both?
Circle your answer.
What is your evidence?

6. Reliability and Credibility of a Source
What are three things to consider?
Is data used to support their claim?
Has it been scientifically demonstrated?
What are their qualifications to speak on this issue?
Do they have a personal investment in this issue?

7. In the debate over GM foods….
What considerations are important to you?
What considerations might be important to others?

8. Comparing texts and ideas
Read the texts and take notes
Background information
An Environmentally Friendly Pig by Cecil Forsberg
Articles presenting arguments
Enviropig Raises a Whole New Stink by Sharon Schmickle
A Less Polluting Pig by David Taylor
The Next Pig Thing by Leora Broydo Vestel
Enviropigs will not help the environment, an editorial by the Minnesota Daily
Surveys of public and scientist opinion
Environics Poll on Canadian Consumer Attitudes to Genetically Engineered Foods by The Council of Canada
Survey of Public and Scientists Views on Science and Society by Pew Research Center

9. What information was discussed about Enviropigs?
Safety concerns:
Political concerns:
Economic concerns:
Social concerns:
Ethical concerns:
Environmental concerns:

10. Your Claim, Counterclaim, or Rebuttal Support from Articles and Texts
 Example:

11. Writing your argument
Write an outline of your argumentative essay. For help with organizing your paper:
(Optional) Make a Persuasion Map to organize your thoughts: persuasion_map/