1. Matter & Change – Chapter 1 Sections 1 & 2
Suggested Reading: Pages

2. Chemistry
The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes.

3. Branches of Chemistry Organic – carbon containing compounds
Inorganic – metals and anything not organic
Physical – properties / changes / energy
Analytical – identification of materials
Biochemistry – living things
Theoretical – math & computers to understand

4. Research & Technology Basic Research – for the sake of knowledge
Applied Research – to solve a problem
Technological Development – improve quality of life

5. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

6. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter.
Volume is the amount of space an object occupies.

7. Building Blocks of Matter
Atom – smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element.
Element – pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom.

8. Compound – substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances. Each compound is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded.

9. Pure Substances One particular type of matter:
Compounds (Ex: baking soda, sodium chloride, sucrose)
Elements (Ex: gold, aluminum, oxygen, chlorine)

10. Extensive Properties depend on the amount of matter present. Volume
Mass
Amount of energy

11. Intensive Properties do not depend on the amount of matter present.
Melting Point
Boiling Point
Density
Electrical Conductivity

12. Physical Properties
can be observed or measured without changing the identity of a substance.
Density
Color
Melting point

13. Chemical Properties
relate to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into a different substance.
Flammability (tendency of a substance to burn in air)
Reactivity
Toxicity

14. Physical Changes
If it is still the same substance when you are done with it, it is a physical change.
Ex: Crushing, tearing, Evaporating Water (still H2O), any phase change.

15. Chemical Changes
If it is NOT the same substance when you are done with it, it is a chemical change.
Ex: Cooking or burning something, Rusting metal, bubbling, color change, temperature change.

16. Ask Yourself …
What change occurs when placing a sample of table salt in water?
Has the change altered the identity of the substance?
If yes … Chemical Change
If no … Physical Change

17. Changes in Matter

18. *Energy
Energy is always either used up or given off in any physical or chemical change.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed (Law of Conservation of Energy).

19. States of Matter
Solid – definite shape and definite volume.

20. States of Matter
Liquid – indefinite shape but definite volume – takes shape of container.

21. States of Matter
Gas – no definite shape or volume – expands to fill container and takes shape of container.

22. States of Matter
Plasma – no definite shape or volume – a high temperature state where atoms lose most of their electrons.

23. States of Matter

24. Changes in State

25. Classification of Matter
Mixture: A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties. Can be separated.
Pure Substance: Has a fixed composition. Cannot be separated by a physical means.

26. *Mixtures Homogeneous: same throughout
(Ex: air, stainless steel, solutions like sugar-water)
Heterogeneous: not the same throughout (Ex: granite, wood, concrete)

27. Separating Mixtures
Filtration – pour liquid through paper that catches solid and lets liquid pass through.
Can only be used on a heterogeneous mixture of a liquid and a solid.

28. Separating Homogeneous Mixtures
Distillation
Crystallization
Chromatography

29. Separating Homogeneous Mixtures
Distillation – separates by different boiling points.

30. Separating Homogeneous Mixtures
Crystallization – boil off or evaporate off the liquid and you are left with the solid.

31. *Separating Homogeneous Mixtures
Chromatography – solution is separated by allowing it to flow along a stationary substance.

32. Ch. 1 Section 3 Intro to Periodic Table
Suggested Reading: Pages 16-20

33. Organizing the Squares
Metals
Nonmetals
Metalloids
Groups or families –
Vertical columns
Groups have similar chemical and physical properties.
Periods –
Horizontal Rows

34. Properties of Metals Luster - shiny Conduct Electricity & Heat
Malleable – hammered into thin sheets
Ductile – drawn into wire

35. Properties of Non-Metals
No Luster – not shiny
Nonconductors
Brittle
Non-Ductile
Helium
SULFUR

36. Properties of Metalloids
Also called semimetals
Have properties of both metals and non-metals.
B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te,

37. Group Names Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Metals
Halogens
Noble Gases

38. Noble Gases Inert Gases do not readily react.
Are gases at room temperature.