1. LOGO Safety Through Prevention – Safe Switching Using Smart Key Technology Shuqiang Jin, Unitech, Zhuhai, China Nan Liu Youru Huang, SERCC EPRI's 14th Annual Power Switching Safety & Reliability Conference San Diego, California September 20~21, 2010

2. Contents Switching Errors and Impacts Traditional Prevention Approaches Smart Interlock System (SIS) Technology Development/Application of SIS in China

3. Impacts of switching errors: Supply interruptions Equipment damages Human losses Legal liabilities …

4. Human Error Other …… Equipment Failure Inadequate Process Switching errors can be caused by:

5. Common switching error types: 1.Energizing when still grounded. 2.Closing grounding switch when energized. 3.De-energizing using disconnects instead of breakers. 4.Load dropping using disconnects instead of breakers. 5.Entering energized switching bays. Correct switching sequence is the key.

6. Preventative Measures: Process/Regulation Strict regulation and process control in all aspects of electric utility operations: design, construction, operation, personnel training and certification. Switching order is the center piece that safeguards safe switching Technology Locks and interlocking devices – mechanical/electromagnetic/electrical/programmed. Rule/topology based automated switching order generation.

7. Conventional locks and interlocks They work to certain extent but have limitations Lack of comprehensiveness Lack of flexibility and scalability Constrained by complexity Lack of coordination between multiple switching within same station ………

8. Preventative measure attributes 1.Reliable 2.Flexible and scalable 3.Comprehensive solution to all the 5 common types of switching errors. 4.Capable of verifying switching steps before switching. 5.Ensures that correct switching steps are followed during switching. 6.Easy to use and simple to install.

9. Smart Interlock System (SIS) Developed by Unitech in 1987 (Mr. Jin Shuqiang) Rule/logic and configuration/topology based solution. Programmable to suit any voltage levels and station sizes. Have developed vast rules base and data base capable to accurately model complex real world situations. One smart key for one station Simulate switching to prevent switching errors. Enhanced by the latest computing and communication technologies

10. Smart Interlock System (SIS) SCADA Workstation/Software Smart Key Locks

11. Smart interlock System (SIS) Process Simulate switching step on the workstation. Switching order generation. Transferring steps to smart key. Perform switching steps. Return smart key to workstation with status updates. Switching Order Open Lock

12. Logic/Rules/Configuration Databases Collect and model switching interlock logic and rules Collect and model single line diagram of station/system Logic/rules for each bay as well as inter- bay dependency in a station. Logic DatabaseStatus Database

13. Software/Model Interaction Two databases are stored in a workstation. The software works with models to display user interface. Logic Database Status Database Human Interface Work station

14. Smart Key – Only Need One for Each Station Works with both electronic and mechanical locks Capable of multiple wireless communication protocols IrDA Zigbee CDMA/GPRS Programmable RFID locks. Voice reminder/recorder Ambient temperature -40 to 80

15. Locks Embedded with RFID technology Programmed to work with the smart key

16. SIS Operation Cycle - Simulation SimulationTransferCompletion Switching Allowed? Status Database Logic Database

17. SIS Operation Cycle - Transfer SimulationTransferCompletion Switching

18. SIS Operation Cycle - Switching SimulationTransferCompletion Switching

19. SIS Operation Cycle - Completion SimulationTransferCompletion Switching

20. Example: Energize the Line Bus Disconnect #1 Disconnect #2 Breaker

21. STEP 1: Pre-switching Simulation Bus Disconnect #1 Disconnect #2 Breaker 1.Close Disconnect #1 2.Close Disconnect #2 3.Close Breaker Switching sequence

22. STEP 2: Transfer Switching Instructions to Smart Key 1.Close Disconnect #1 2.Close Disconnect #2 3.Close Breaker Bus Disconnect #1 Disconnect #2 Breaker

23. STEP 3: Perform Switching Bus Disconnect #1 Disconnect #2 Breaker 1.Close Disconnect #1 2.Close Disconnect #2 3.Close Breaker

24. 1.Close Disconnect #1 2.Close Disconnect #2 3.Close Breaker STEP 3: Perform Switching Bus Disconnect #1 Disconnect #2 Breaker

25. STEP 3: Perform Switching 1.Close Disconnect #1 2.Close Disconnect #2 3.Close Breaker Bus Disconnect #1 Disconnect #2 Breaker

26. STEP 4: Switching complete-Steps saved Bus Disconnect #1 Disconnect #2 Breaker

27. Performing switching The unique programmed electronic ID in each RFID equipped locks ensures that only the corresponding smart key can open it. This virtually eliminates opening/closing the wrong disconnects or breakers.

28. SIS Benefits: Simulation before switching identifies and eliminates potential errors SIS Switching Order Switching Switching Order Switching Simulation Verification Conventional Approach

29. SIS Benefits: Multi-switching bay switching coordination Based on safe switching logic/rules 111-3 h: 111=0,111-1d=0,111-2d=0,111- 1w=0,3-7=0,111-2=0! 111-3 l: 111=0,111-1d=0,111-2d=0,111- 1w=0,3-7=0,111-2=0! 111-2 h: 111=0,111-1d=0,111-2d=0,111- 1w=0,111-7=0,111-3=1! 111-2 l: 111=0,111-1d=0,111-2d=0,111- 1w=0,111-7=0,111-3=1!

30. SIS Benefits: One key per station: easy to program and upgrade. Smart KeyMany keys

31. SIS Benefits: Standardized locks. Easy to manage and to maintain

32. SIS Benefits: Reliable, flexible, easy to use. For stations of any voltage levels and bus types and setups.

33. 30+ years of SIS development and application Mr Jin Shuqiang pioneered the SIS technology in 1987. Since then, Unitech Zhuhai and other companies in China continue to research and innovate in the area of safe switching technology.

34. SIS Deployment in China Over 22,00 sites with SIS in 2005

35. SIS Deployment in China (cont.) The number of switching error related incidents dropped significantly

36. Interlocking Applications

37. Three Gorge Project

38. Shanghai World Expo 500 kV Substation

39. 1000kV Substation

40. Conclusion Smart Interlocking System (SIS) is proven reliable technology that prevents switching errors. SIS has significantly reduced accidents and losses related caused by human errors in China. We look forward to deploying SIS technology to customers in the United States and other parts of world.

41. Q&A Questions

42. LOGO Safety Through Prevention – Safe Switching Using Smart Key Technology Shuqiang Jin, Unitech, Zhuhai, China Nan Liu Youru Huang, SERCC EPRI's 14th Annual Power Switching Safety & Reliability Conference San Diego, California September 20~21, 2010 en.ut.com.cn