1. African Imperialism Re-cap
Imperialism: A stronger nation takes over a weaker country and dominates politically, economically and socially
Motives for European Imperialism:
Economic- they need natural resources and labor for factories
Political- they wanted to show power & strength to other nations
Religious- the desire to westernize and Christianize the African people
Exploratory- curious to explore unknown lands
Ideological (racism)- Europeans believed their way of life was
superior and must be spread to the world
* Social Darwinism- “Survival of the Fittest” theory that justified imperialism, because Europeans felt they were more advanced overall

2. Nigeria British Colony until 1960
Used Indirect Rule: Used local leaders to keep order/avoid rebellion
Used Indirect Rule due to:
-250 different ethnic groups (language/culture)
- Not having enough troops to govern the complex area

3. Impacts of Colonial Rule
Positive Effects
Negative Effects
Reduced Local Warfare (tribal rivalry)
Lost control of their land
Life Span and Literacy Increased
Breakdown of their traditional culture
Improved Sanitation, hospitals & schools
New diseases (small pox)
Railroads, dams, telephone lines- mainly to benefit the European businesses
Cash crops instead of subsistence agriculture led to famine.
(ex. Growing cotton instead of wheat/vegetables)
Economic Expansion- African products now valued
Lost people in resistance efforts
Boundaries divided without consideration of tribal groups

4. Ethiopia Only African country to resist European Imperialism How??
King Menelik II defeated the Italians at the Battle of Adwa in 1896.
- Built up modern weapons from France/Russia
- Modern army

5. Rwandan Genocide
Rwanda: Country in central Africa that was colonized by the Germans and then the Belgians after WWI.
Genocide: A systematic and deliberate murder of a group of people for a specific reason. (ex. Holocaust)
Hutu: A native group of people from Rwanda- oppressed or held back from good jobs, housing and schools due to the Belgians not approving of their darker skin and other features. (85% of population)
Tutsi: A native group of people from Rwanda that were favored by the Belgians for their supposed lighter skin, smaller noses and taller bodies. They were treated better than the Hutus and given most of the power in the country. (14% of the population)

6. Rwandan Genocide (Continued)
The Belgians withdraw from Rwanda in and grant independence (Hutus were left in power & resented Tutsis)
Genocide from April-June 1994 was responsible for over 800,000 deaths of men, women and children (mainly Tutsis)
The political strife between the Hutus and the Tutsis still exists today
The movie Hotel Rwanda tells the story of hotel manager Paul Russessbagina who risked his life to save around 1268