1. 19th Century Responses to Liberalism
Luddites, Chartists and Classical Conservatism

2. Opposition to Liberalism

3. Why did ideologies develop in opposition to classical liberalism?
Outcome 2.7

4. Overview Classical Liberalism Opposition to liberalism
Reaction by Liberals
Welfare capitalism
Welfare state
Keynesian economics
Opposition to liberalism
Luddites
Chartists
Socialists
Classical Conservatism
Classical Liberalism
theory
practice

5. Liberalism Dominant political theory in the 19the century.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Favor parliamentary government.
People can pursue their own self-interest.
Society is a collection of individuals.
The right to vote ______________________________________________________________________________
Strong supporter of Capitalism.

6. Liberalism’s View Towards Industrial Revolution
Government should allow _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
Support industrialism and technological change.
All lead to liberty and freedom.
Oppose ________________________________

7. #1
LUDDITES
The Luddites, a band of nineteenth century English handicraftsmen, rioted in protest to the textile machinery that had taken them out of business.
Luddites __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
During the Industrial Revolution, the laws and customs which had been installed to protect the working class of England were ignored and eventually abandoned.
For example, the Minimum Wage Bill of 1808 decreased minimum wage and the Combination Acts, banned trade unions. These were just some of the many sparks which drove the Luddites to rebellion.

8. #2
Chartists
Working-class in Britain that focused on political and social reform. They called for:
The right to vote was __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ironically, while the chartists were a persecuted group, most of their demands were eventually implemented in the Reform Acts of 1867 and 1884
Universal suffrage for all men over 21
Equal-sized electoral districts
Voting by secret ballot
An end to the need for property qualifications for Parliament
Pay for Members of Parliament
- Annual elections

9. Chartists continued… TO CONSIDER:
Read section on pg
- What main principle liberalism were
the Chartists fighting to have
recognized?
- What groups opposed change to the
system? Why?

10. Reacting to Classical Liberalism: Classical Conservatism
Father of Conservatism: Edmund Burke ( )
Famous Book: Reflections of the Revolution of France (1790): criticized the French Revolution
Revolution was not democratic - chaotic, violent and murderous.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
Foresaw the implications of the revolution (i.e., execution of Louis XVI, Reign of Terror and Napoleon’s regime.)

11. Classical Conservatism
A reaction to classical liberalism
Wanted to revert back to the way things were before
Edmund Burke and classical conservatives beliefs:
Society __________________________(people are not equal—some people suited for leadership)
__________________________________government
Care for the ________________________
Stability of society is paramount—achieved __________________________________________________________________________________________