2. Analog Electronics Kent Bertilsson Krister Hammarling
Thomas L. Floyd,  "Electronic Devices - Conventional Current Version" ISBN:
Don Manchini, "Op Amps for Everyone" -Free downloadable pdf
Lecturer
Kent Bertilsson
S-Building Office S206
Phone
Lab teacher
Krister Hammarling
S-Building Office S207

3. Examination
This analog electronics is given as a stand alone course but also as one part of the Measurement System course.
12 x 2h scheduled lectures
10 Lectures
2 times for solving problems
As appeared in the plan (Not as shown in schedule)
4 x 4h scheduled laboratory classes completing 3 tasks that should completed and handed in to the laboratory teacher.
A written exam will be held 27th October

4. Introduction

5. Block Diagram Electronic systems is often described by block diagram
Antenna Amplifier Filter Analog to
digital conversion

6. Time domain vs Frequency domain
Every signal can be described both in the time domain and the frequency domain.
A periodic signal (in the time domain) can in the frequency domain be represented by:
A peak at the fundamental frequency for the signal, fs=1/T
and multiples of the fundamental f1,f2,f3,…=1xfs ,2xfs ,2xfs V
T=1/fs t V
fs fs fs fs fs f

7. Time domain vs Frequency domain
Every signal can be described both in the time domain and the frequency domain.
A non periodic (varying) signal time domain is spread in the frequency domain.
A completely random signal (white noise) have a uniform frequency spectra V
fs fs fs fs fs f
V Noise f

8. Transfer function
The transfer function is the relation between the amplitude for the output and input in the frequency domain.
H(20kHz)=10 mean that for a 20kHz signal the output is ten times larger than the input.
H(f) is of course continuous function H 10 5 f

9. Filter
A filter is a circuit that let some frequencies pass and block others.
Low pass
High pass
Band pass
Band stop H f H f H f H f

10. jω-method
The jω-method is a very powerful tool making it possible performing advanced frequency dependent (alternating current, AC) functions using the same rules that applies for direct current (DC)
Resistor Capacitor Inductor
Symbol
Reactance

11. jω-method
Impedance calculations can be performed in the same way as for normal resistances.
R L R L

12. RC - filter Calculate the transfer function H(ω) R
What is the output voltage and
power level at the cut-off frequency? R
VIn C VOut

13. Amplifier Voltage amplification Current amplification IIN IOut
Power amplification
IIN IOut
PIN VIn VOut POut

14. Decibel, dB
decibel, dB is very useful expressing amplification (and attenuation)
(Under assumption
that RInAmp=RLoad)

15. dB AV AP 20 10
100
3.16 6 2 4 3 1 -3
0.5
-20
0.1
0.01

16. Bode Diagram
Absolute decibel value and phase of the transfer function is plotted against a logarithmic frequency axis

17. Draw an asymptotic bode diagram for the RC filter.
RC-filter example
Draw an asymptotic bode diagram for the RC filter. R
VIn C VOut

18. Bode diagram
Complicated expressions can be factorized into sub-expressions as
Const
Differentiator Integrator
Zero Pole

19. Bode diagram
According to logarithmic laws

20. Draw an asymptotic bode diagram for the shown filter.
Example R
R C
VIn R VOut
Draw an asymptotic bode diagram for the shown filter.

21. Amplifier model
The amplifier model is often sufficient describing how an amplifier interacts with the environment
ROut
VIn RIn AVVIn VOut
RIn – Input impedance
AV – Voltage gain
ROut – Output impedance

22. Bandwidth
The bandwidth is the frequency range where the transferred power are more than 50%.
H(f)
AVmax
0.707AVmax
f f f

23. Distortion
A nonlinear function between UIn and UOut distorts the signal
An amplifier that saturates at high voltages
A diode that conducts only in the forward direction

24. Noise Random fluctuation in the signal
Theoretically random noise contains all possible frequencies from DC to infinity
Practical noise is often frequency limited to an upper bandwidth by some filter
A limited bandwidth from the noisy reduce the noise power