1. Early Canadian History

2. Acadians Originally citizens from France (from settlers to convicts)
Lived in the areas that would become NS, NB, PEI
Settled there because of the choice made by Sieur de Monts – had to establish a colony in exchange for a fur monopoly
Originally chose Sable Island - disaster

3. Acadians Importance An early example of Canada’s racial heritage
Issue of an oath of loyalty to Britain – Acadians refused to take the oath unless exempted from the possibility of military service against France
War in Europe was approaching and the British insisted on the oath
A round-up and expulsion began

4. Acadian Expulsion
Because the British could not tolerate possible French supporters in Acadia an expulsion was undertaken
Expulsion was poorly handles
Lack of ships for transport
Families were separated
Approximately 6 to 10,000 were expelled
Many ended up in Louisiana (Cajuns)

5. The Seven Years War
A European War with strong overtones in North America (a de facto state of war had existed since 1754 – Indian Wars)
Period of uncertainty following the Fall of Quebec City
Ended with the Treaty of Paris
France gave up all claims in NA
See map handout showing changes in the colonial structure

6. The Period of Uncertainty
After the Fall of Quebec City
Roman Catholics allowed to practice religion
Habitants allowed to remain on land with usual practices
In other words – little changed
Who would get the colony? (The British had the possibility of taking Guadeloupe)
~150 English population
An influx of English settlers was expected – a dream

7. Proclamation of 1763
Created the Colony of Quebec – see list of name changes over time
Boundary changes – restriction of westward expansion
major threat was Pontiac and the possible native uprising
Recognition of native land claims
Major present day significance
Fur trade open to all (English upset)
Promise of an elected Assembly (not set up)
Laws to be ‘as near as may be agreeable to the laws of England’ (unrealistic in view of population
Vague promises to protect the Canadien way of life

8. Quebec Act Know that it took place
War was approaching with the 13 colonies
Britain wanted to keep the Canadiens on their side
The Act made provisions with respect to
Boundaries (Ohio R. Valley)
Assembly (no Assembly)
Religion (Freedom of worship to Canadiens; RCs could hold office; payment of tithe mandatory)
Law (English-Criminal; French-Civil)

9. Quebec Act - Results
Seigneurs and clergy were happy – they got government and religion
Habitants – unhappy – Carleton (British Gov) assumed that they would just follow their leaders
Americans – a threat to government institutions (Assemblies & RCs), a restriction on westward expansion

10. The American Revolution
Not interested in the specifics but only on its effects on ‘Canada’
Anything that affects the Americans affects ‘Canada’
Invasion of Canada in1775
The main result of the Revolutionary War was the Loyalist migration to Canada

11. Results of the American Revolution
Boundary changes
See map
Jay’s Treaty
Boundary settlement of the St. Croix River dispute
Development in Can/US relations (Arbitration)
Loyalist Migration
First of three waves of migrants