1. IB History: Nation-Building

2. Causes of the War Impressment
Britain and France were fighting a war in Europe
Britain began capturing American sailors and “impressing” them, or forcing them to work on British ships
By 1807, Britain had seized more than 1,000 American ships

3. Embargo Act of 1807
President Jefferson convinced Congress to declare an embargo (ban on trade)
Jefferson believed the embargo would hurt Britain, but it really hurt America
In 1809, Congress ended the embargo with all countries except Britain and France

4. America’s Desire for Canada
Americans saw that Canada was not well-defended by Britain
Americans wanted more land and believed that people in Canada would want to join the United States
Also wanted to Annex Florida

5. 4. American Resentment a. (Going back to the days of independence and the Revolutionary War.) 5. Inciting of Indians b. Americans believed the British were inciting the Indians to rise up against them and raid American settlements.

6. 6. British Perspective
Feared Americans would interfere with their war effort against France. Wanted to stop trade.
Needed sailors for its all out commercial war against France.
Feared American expansionism.

7. The War Hawks
A group of Republican Congressmen from the South and West
Wanted war against Britain
Led by Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina and Henry Clary of Kentucky

8. Election of 1808 James Madison, a Democratic-Republican, won
In the Spring of 1812, Madison decided to go to war against Britain

9. The War in Canada Americans were unprepared for war
The British captured Detroit and the Americans failed to capture Canada
Many Native Americans helped the British because they wanted to stop Americans from taking more land

10. Tecumseh

11. The War at Sea The U.S. Navy was young and outnumbered
British Navy was largest in the world (Over 600)
U.S. Navy; 18 sailable ships
In November of 1812, the British blockaded the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays
The blockade grew throughout the war
By 1813, most American ships were unable to leave their ports

13. The War on Land Battle for Washington
The British invaded Washington, D.C. in 1814
British soldiers burned the Capitol, the White House, and other public buildings
Before the British burned the White House, Dolley Madison saved a famous painting of George Washington
Women often traveled with husbands and acted as spies at times.
Laura Secord
Canadian Laura Secord walked 20 miles to inform the British of a planned attack on the Niagara Falls area. The British then launched a surprise attack on U.S. troops and kept control of the peninsula. Secord was later recognized as a hero by the Prince of Wales. Many Canadians now associate Secord with a chain of candy stores named in her honor.

14. Battle at Fort McHenry
Francis Scott Key: an American lawyer and prisoner of the British
Saw an American flag flying over Ft. McHenry after the battle
The flag inspired Key to write “The Star-Spangled Banner”
Original named “Defence of Fort McHenry.”

15. The Battle of New Orleans (1815)
The most famous/important battle of the War
Americans were lead to victory by General Andrew Jackson
The battle continued even after the war ended because word did not reach the Americans for several weeks

16. The Treaty of Ghent
On December 24, 1814, British and Americans met in Ghent, Belgium to negotiate a peace treaty
Didn’t solve original problem of impressment
Results of the war:
Britain and American became better allies
America gained respect from other countries

17. Effects of the War- United States
Gained respect from Britain and other nations.
Andrew Jackson becomes war hero and later president.
Increased nationalism with defeat of a world power. (US felt like they won)
Contributed to the demise of the Federalists who opposed the war.
Improvement of military officers through training at places like West Point.

18. Effects of the War- United States
6. Helped open up the west.
7. Detrimental to American Indians.
- Losers of the war
- Gave up more territory
- Suffered significant casualties

19. B. Effects of the War- British North America
Withstood Americans despite being outnumbered 10-1; increasing nationalism and support of Britain.
Treaty of Ghent did little else but stop the war.
Indian problems decline with US settlement in the Northwest Territory.
American “war hawks” concluded BNA would not be easy to bring into the Union.
Threat from U.S. fades away
Led to defined borders by late 1810s.
These include the Rush-Bagot Agreement of 1817 and the Convention of 1818.
The Rush–Bagot Treaty or "Rush-Bagot Disarmament", was a treaty between the United States and Britain limiting naval armaments on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain, following the War of It was ratified by the United States Senate on April 16, 1818.,[1] and was confirmed by Canada, following Confederation, in The treaty provided for a large demilitarization of lakes along the international boundary, where many British naval arrangements and forts remained. The treaty stipulated that the United States and British North America could each maintain one military vessel (no more than 100 tons burden) as well as one cannon (no more than eighteen pounds) on Lake Ontario and Lake Champlain. The remaining Great Lakes permitted the United States and British North America to keep two military vessels "of like burden" on the waters armed with "like force". The treaty, and the separate Treaty of 1818, laid the basis for a demilitarized boundary between the U.S. and British North America.[2]
The Convention respecting fisheries, boundary and the restoration of slaves between the United States of America and theUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, also known as the London Convention, Anglo-American Convention of 1818,Convention of 1818, or simply the Treaty of 1818, was a treaty signed in 1818 between the United States and the United Kingdom. It resolved standing boundary issues between the two nations, and allowed for joint occupation and settlement of the Oregon Country, known to the British and in Canadian history as the Columbia District of the Hudson's Bay Company, and including the southern portion of its sister district New Caledonia.

20. B. Effects of the war on British North America
6. Growth of colony had continued.
7. Right of Search ended with Napoleonic Wars
a. right of a belligerent to stop a merchant vessel of a neutral state
on the high seas 
8. A trade increase occurred and continued in the Maritimes with increased prosperity for the fur trade along the St. Lawrence.
9. British and French Canadians had contributed fully in the defense which began to foster unity in BNA.
10. Roots of Canadian nationalism grows.
11. Ultimately starts process to Canadian Confederation.

21. End

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