1. The Duel for North America

2. France Religious wars ceased Most feared of European Continent
Edict of Nantes = Gave substantial rights.
Limited toleration / Protestants
Most feared of European Continent
King Louis XIV = Ruled 72 yrs.
Colonies = Quebec
Samuel de Champlain
“Father of New France”

3. Colonies = New France Autocratic Canada Controlled by king
No right to trial by jury
Population grew slowly
Favored Caribbean Island colonies
Sugar

4. France Fans Out Beaver Pelts Recruited Indians into fur business
Trappers = Coureurs de bois
Runner of the woods-French/Canadian
Free livers
Extinguished beaver
Recruited Indians into fur business
Disease / alcohol
French Catholic missionaries = Jesuits
Explorers

5. Cont. Robert de La Salle Mississippi = 1682 Louisiana
Tried to block Spain
Planted fortified posts
New Orleans = 1718
Trade = West Indies and Europe

6. Clash British Colonist against French Courers de bois
Both recruiting Indian allies
Guerrilla warfare = savage
Spain allied with France

7. Cont. Peace = 1713 War of Jenkins’s Ear = 1739 France beaten
Britain got Acadia = renamed Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Hudson Bay
War of Jenkins’s Ear = 1739
British and Spanish
Smuggling
Caribbean / Georgia
James Oglethorpe
King George’s War

8. Washington 1749 Colonial speculators Virginians / Washington family
Ohio Valley
1749
Colonial speculators
Virginians / Washington family
500,000 acres
French erecting forts
Fort Duquesne = Pittsburgh
Washington sent to secure claims
150 militiamen
40 miles from fort = shots fired

9. Cont. French leader killed = retreated
French returned with reinforcements
Washington built = Fort Necessity
10 hr. siege
Washington surrenders
July 1754

10. Global War French and Indian War = 1754 Seven Years’ War
Also fought in Europe / West Indies / Philippines / Africa / Ocean
Britain, Prussia Vs. France, Spain, Austria and Russia
Blood bath in Germany = Fredrick the Great

11. Colonial Disunity Colonial clashes 1754 Albany Congress
Intercolonial Congress
Albany, NY
21 delegates = 7 colonies showed up
Keep Iroquois loyal
Gifts
Franklin = “Join or Die”
Albany Congress

12. Blunders General Edward Braddock British Regulars = 2,000
Capture Fort Duquesne
Washington
Huge loss
Native American tear through countryside
Scalping
Defeat after Defeat

13. Pitt William Pitt = “Great Commoner” Leader on London Government
“Organizer of Victory”
Concentrate on Canada
Victory against Louisbourg
1st significant victory

14. Quebec Battle of Quebec = 1759 James Wolfe
Daring night move = scaled the cliffs
Plains of Abrahams
Significant battle
Montreal fell 1760
French flag flew for the last time in Canada

15. Trouble with Colonists
Friction between British officers and militia
Professionalism
Colonist didn’t truly support cause
Refused troops / money
Wanted privileges of Englishmen, without the duties and responsibilities

16. War Ends Treaty of Paris = 1763
G.B. claimed all of North America east of the Mississippi River
Included Florida = Acquired from Spain for Cuba
Spain received French lands west of Mississippi / Port of New Orleans
France kept a few small islands near Newfoundland and West Indies

18. Aftermath British victory = trouble with the Natives
Native Americans captured 8 British forts in the Ohio Valley
Led by Pontiac (Ottawa)
Killed 2,000 soldier / settlers
Blankets infected with smallpox given to chiefs during peace negotiations
Peace negotiated by the end of 1765

19. Aftermath Cont. Proclamation of 1763 G.B. in financial trouble
Banned settlements west of the Appalachians
Colonists not happy
G.B. in financial trouble
Cracked down on colonial smuggling
10,000 troops sent to control Native Americans