1. Section 3: The Struggle for North America
Colonial America Background notes-

2. Struggle for North America3
Struggle for North America
What problems did settlers in New France face?
What traditions of government evolved in the 13 English colonies?
How did competition for power affect Europeans and Native Americans?

3. The Evolution of Traditions of Government3
The pilgrims at Plymouth signed the Mayflower Compact, in which they set out guidelines for governing their colony.
A compact is an agreement among people. Today we see the Mayflower Compact as an important early step toward self-government.
Each colony had its own representative assembly elected by propertied men.
The tradition of consulting representative assemblies grew out of the English experience.

4. Land Claims in the Americas About 17503
Land Claims in the Americas About 1750

5. New France 3
Throughout the 1500s, French fishing ships harvested fish off Newfoundland. However, the French did not build permanent settlements until 1608.
Helped by Native American allies, French explorers and fur traders traveled inland, claiming vast territory.
Wealthy landowners sought settlers to farm the land, but the harsh Canadian climate attracted few French peasants. Thus, the population of New France grew slowly.
In the late 1600s, the French king began to exert greater control over political and economic activities in New France.

6. Samuel de Champlain
French explorer, acknowledged founder of the city of Quebec (1608), and consolidator of the French colonies in the New World. 

7. The 13 English Colonies 3
In the 1600s and 1700s, the English established 13 colonies in North America. Some, like Virginia and New York, were commercial ventures. Others, like Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Maryland, were set up as havens for persecuted religious groups.
Like the rulers of Spain and France, English monarchs asserted control over their American colonies. Yet, English colonists enjoyed a large degree of self- government.
Ship the poor-

8. Competition for Power 3
By the 1600s, Spain, France, Britain, and the Netherlands were competing for colonies and trade around the world. All four had colonies in North America, where they often fought over territory.
During the 1700s, Britain and France clashed in a worldwide struggle, known as the Seven Years’ War. In North America, they battled each other in the French and Indian War. The Treaty of Paris, which officially ended the world-wide war, ensured British dominance in North America.
As settlers claimed more and more North American land, Native Americans resisted their advance. Bitter fighting resulted. Little by little, the Indians were pushed westward.

9. New Amsterdam Becomes New York
the English explorer HENRY HUDSONbrought the region to the attention of the Netherlands in 1609 by sailing into New York Bay 
1623- Dutch West India Company founds colony on Manhattan Island
After CHARLES II came to the throne, the English became very interested in the Dutch holdings. In 1664, he granted the land to his brother, the Duke of York, before officially owning it.
When a powerful English military unit appeared in New Amsterdam, Governor Stuyvesant was forced to surrender and New Netherland became New York.

10. The Pequot War, 1637
State of Connecticut- Pequot Wars-
The Pequot War was fought in It involved the Pequot Indians and the settlers of the Pilgrim Colony and the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The Pequot were a powerful tribe, their only serious rival the Narragansett
This war was the culmination of numerous conflicts between the colonists and the Indians. There were disputes over property, livestock damaging Indian crops, hunting, the selling of alcohol to Indians, and dishonest traders. Besides these, the Colonists believed that they had a God given right to settle this New World
Under the leadership of Captain John Mason from Connecticut and Captain John Underhill from Massachusetts Bay Colony, English Puritan troops, with the help of Mohegan and Narragansett allies, burned the village and killed the estimated Pequots inside.
The English, supported by Uncas' Mohegans, pursued the remaining Pequot resistors until all were either killed or captured and enslaved. After the War, the colonists enslaved survivors and outlawed the name "Pequot."

11. King Philip’s War,
Last major effort by the Indians of New England to drive out the English settlers.
Led by Metacom, the Pokunoket chief called ‘King Philip’ by the English, the bands known today as Wampanoag Indians joined with the Nipmucks, Pocumtucks, and Narragansetts in a bloody uprising. It lasted fourteen months and destroyed twelve frontier towns.
Becoming increasingly dependent on English goods, food, and weapons, and their bargaining power diminished, Metacom and other leaders were forced by the colonists to recognize English sovereignty. Rather than accommodate further, some of the Indians took up arms. Others, sided with the English.
The war ended in August 1676, shortly after Metacom was captured and beheaded. Some supporters escaped to Canada; those who surrendered were shipped off as slaves to the West Indies.
The Puritans interpreted their victory as a sign of God’s favor, as well as a symbolic purge of their spiritual community.
The Indians who remained faced servitude, disease, cultural disruption, and the expropriation of their lands.

13. Bacon’s Rebellion
1676- Nathanial Bacon leads revolt against wealthy Virginia planters and Virginian Colonial gov’t
Free White farmers and indentured servants felt they had little political power and rights
Tension grew from exhaustion of soil due to tobacco production and demand for more land to continue production while balancing peace with native Americans
Gov. William Berkeley refuses engaging in new war of conquest
Free whites and servants feel cheated of promised land due from service of 3-7 years
Bacon leads militia to attack native Americans
Attack and burn Jamestown when Berkeley tries to stop the violence
Bacon dies shortly after, rebellion stops without his leadership
PBS overview-

16. 3
Section 3 Assessment
In 1750, what European power controlled the west coast of North America?
a) the Dutch
b) the French
c) the Spanish
d) the British
Which of the following colonies was set up as a haven for persecuted religious groups?
a) New York
b) Pennsylvania
c) Virginia
d) New France
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17. 3
Section 3 Assessment
In 1750, what European power controlled the west coast of North America?
a) the Dutch
b) the French
c) the Spanish
d) the British
Which of the following colonies was set up as a haven for persecuted religious groups?
a) New York
b) Pennsylvania
c) Virginia
d) New France
Want to connect to the World History link for this section? Click Here.