1. The Microscope
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2. The History Many people experimented with making microscopes
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Many people experimented with making microscopes
Was the microscope originally made by accident?
The first microscope was 6 feet long!!!
The Greeks & Romans used “lenses” to magnify objects over 1000 years ago.

3. Anthony van Leeuwenhoek
The History
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Hans and Zacharias Janssen of Holland in the 1590’s created the “first” compound microscope
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke made improvements by working on the lenses
Robert Hooke
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek
Hooke Microscope

4. The History The “First” Microscope Zacharias Jansen 1588-1631
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Zacharias Jansen
The “First” Microscope

5. How a Microscope Works Convex Lenses bend light and focus it in
one spot which are used to make microscopes..
Convex Lenses are
curved glass used to make microscopes
(and glasses etc.)

6. How a Microscope Works Ocular Lens (Magnifies Image) Objective Lens
(Gathers Light,
Magnifies
And Focuses Image
Inside Body Tube)
Body Tube
(Image Focuses)
Bending Light: The objective (bottom) convex lens magnifies and focuses (bends) the image inside the body tube and the ocular convex (top) lens of a microscope magnifies it (again).

7. Magnification

8. Magnification
To determine your magnification…you just multiply the ocular lens by the objective lens
Ocular 10x Objective 40x:10 x 40 = 400
So the object is 400 times “larger”
Objective Lens have
their magnification
written on them.
Ocular lenses usually magnifies by 10x

9. Types of Microscopes
Compound light microscope- low to high magnification 10X- 1000X
Stereo Microscope- AKA. Dissecting Microscope. Low magnification
Used to view large specimens 10X-200X

10. Types of Microscopes
Transmission Electron Microscope- Very high magnification
Can observe thing s m nanometers small .
example : parts of a cell
Scanning Probe Microscope- Very high magnification, 3-D image

11. STOP NOTES HERE

12. The Parts of a Microscope

13. Ocular Lens
Body Tube
Nose Piece
Arm
Objective
Lenses
Stage
Stage
Clips
Coarse Adj.
Diaphragm
Fine Adjustment
Light Source
Base
Skip to Magnification Section

14. Body Tube
The body tube holds the objective lenses and the ocular lens at the proper distance
Diagram

15. Nose Piece
The Nose Piece holds the objective lenses and can be turned to increase the magnification
Diagram

16. Objective Lenses
The Objective Lenses increase magnification (usually from 10x to 40x)
Diagram

17. Stage Clips
These 2 clips hold the slide/specimen in place on the stage.
Diagram

18. Diaphragm
The Diaphragm controls the amount of light on the slide/specimen
Turn to let more light in or to
make dimmer.
Diagram

19. Light Source
Projects light upwards through the diaphragm, the specimen and the lenses
Some have lights, others have mirrors where you must move the mirror to reflect light
Diagram

20. Ocular Lens/Eyepiece
Magnifies the specimen image
Diagram

21. Arm
Used to support the microscope when carried. Holds the body tube, nose piece and objective lenses
Diagram

22. Stage
Supports the slide/specimen
Diagram

23. Coarse Adjustment Knob
Moves the stage up and down (quickly) for focusing your image
Diagram

24. Fine Adjustment Knob
This knob moves the stage SLIGHTLY to sharpen the image
Diagram

25. Base
Supports the microscope
Diagram

26. Caring for a Microscope
Clean only with a soft cloth/tissue
Make sure it’s on a flat surface
Don’t bang it
Carry it with 2 HANDS…one on the arm and the other on the base

27. Carry a Microscope Correctly

28. Using a Microscope Start on the lowest magnification
Don’t use the coarse adjustment knob on high magnification…you’ll break the slide!!!
Place slide on stage and lock clips
Adjust light source (if it’s a mirror…don’t stand in front of it!)
Use fine adjustment to focus

29. How to make a wet-mount slide …
1 – Get a clean slide and coverslip from your teacher.
2 – Place ONE drop of water in the middle of the slide. Don’t use too much or the water will run off the edge and make a mess!
3 – Place the edge of the cover slip on one side of the water drop.

30. You do not need to use the stage clips when viewing wet-mount slides!
4 - Slowly lower the cover slip on top of the drop.
Cover Slip
Lower slowly
You do not need to use the stage clips when viewing wet-mount slides!
5 – Place the slide on the stage and view it first with the shortest objective. Once you see the image, you can rotate the nosepiece to view the slide with the different objectives. Only use the fine adjustment knob now.