1. Learning Lab Equipment

2. Microscope Compound Light Microscope Electron Microscope
Which one will we use in lab?

3. Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
He invited the first microscope. His microscope was a simple microscope which contained only one lens that magnified objects.

4. Compound Light Microscope
The microscope pictured to the left is referred to as a compound light microscope.
The term light refers to the method by which light transmits the image to your eye.
Compound deals with the microscope having more than one lens.
Microscope is the combination of two words: “micro” meaning small and “scope” meaning view.

5. Parts of the Microscope
1. body tube
2. revolving nosepiece
3. middle objective
4. low-power objective
5. high-power objective
6. stage clips
7. diaphragm
8. mirror or light source
9. eyepiece
10. arm
11. stage
12. coarse adjustment knob
13. fine adjustment knob
14. base

6. Parts of the Microscope
arm - this attaches the eyepiece and body tube to the base
base - this supports the microscope
body tube - the tube that supports the eyepiece
coarse adjustment knob - a knob that makes large adjustments to the focus
diaphragm - an adjustable opening under the stage, allowing different amounts of light onto the stage
eyepiece - where you place your eye
fine adjustment knob - a knob that makes small adjustments to the focus
cover slip - covers specimens on a slide to protect the objectives
high-power objective - a large lens with high magnifying power (40X)
low-power objective - a small lens with low magnifying power (4X)
mirror (or light source)- this directs light upwards onto the slide
resolving nosepiece - the rotating device that holds the objectives
stage - the platform on which a slide is placed
stage clips - metal clips that hold a slide securely onto the stage
slide - used to prepare specimens on for viewing

7. Magnifying Objects/ Focusing Image
1. Make sure the stage is all the way down and the low-power objective is in place.
2. Place your slide on the stage and put the stage clips on the slide to secure it in place.
3. While looking through the microscope, move the stage upward using the coarse adjustment knob until the specimen comes into focus. This is the only time in the process that you will need to use the coarse adjustment knob.
4. Once the object is in focus move to the middle objective. Now look through the microscope and get the object into focus using the fine adjustment knob.
5. Once the object is in focus move to the high power objective. Turn the fine adjustment knob until the object is in focus.
6. When through with the microscope always make sure you return to the low-power objective and put the stage all the way down.

8. Total Magnification
To figure the total magnification of an image that you are viewing through the microscope is really quite simple. To get the total magnification take the power of the objective (4X,10X, 40X) and multiply by the power of the eyepiece, usually 10X.

9. Preparing a Wet Mount Slide
You will need to have a slide, specimen, and stain or water.
Put your specimen onto the middle of the slide.
Put one small drop of stain or water onto your specimen.
Hold the cover slip at a 45 degree angle and drop it onto the specimen. This helps to prevent from having air bubbles.

10. Graduated Cylinders
These are specifically designed to make accurate liquid volume measurements.

11. Beaker
This piece of lab equipment has a primary function to hold and work with liquids. It is made of specialized glass so it can be heated and cooled without breaking.

12. Flask
This is a measuring device that has a unique shape that is wide at the bottom and has a narrow neck at the top. Great piece of equipment for heating and stirring due to the shape which prevents splattering.

13. Test Tube Holder
This piece of equipment is designed to hold test tubes, However, it can be used to hold pipettes and stirring rods, etc. as well

14. Test Tube
These are typically to retain multiple samples of materials, usually liquids, during chemical procedures and experiments, and are designed to allow easy heating of these samples.

15. Microscope Slides
This is a thin sheet of glass used to hold objects for examination under a microscope.

16. Coverslip
Small piece of glass or plastic put over a specimen on a microscope to protect the objective lens.

17. Pipette
These are devices that allow the users to extract or deliver small amounts of a liquid.

18. Magnifying Glass
This is a convex lens that is used to produce a magnified image of an object.

19. Petri Dish
This is a shallow glass or plastic cylindrical dish used to culture (grow) cells.

20. Triple Beam Balance
This is a balance that has three beams with different size weights that you must slide to get your measurements.

21. Electronic Balance
This is a balance that generates a current proportional to the displacement of the pan. This will give you an exact measurement because the balance will give you decimal places. This is good for small measurements.

22. This is used to heat and sometimes to stir liquids.
Hotplate
This is used to heat and sometimes to stir liquids.

23. Buret
This is a vertical cylindrical piece of laboratory glassware with a volumetric graduation on its full length and a precision tap, or stopcock, on the bottom. It is used to dispense known amounts of a liquid reagent in experiments for which such precision is necessary, such as titration experiment. They are extremely accurate.

24. How to Carry a Microscope
Always have one hand around the arm and the other under the base of the microscope.

25. Always read a meniscus at the very bottom.
How to Read a Meniscus
Always read a meniscus at the very bottom.