1. Mr. Smith Freshman Science
The Microscope
Mr. Smith
Freshman Science

2. The History
Zacharias Jansen
The “First” Microscope

3. The History Many people experimented with making microscopes
Was the microscope originally made by accident? (Most people were creating telescopes)
The first microscope was 6 feet long!!!
The Greeks & Romans used “lenses” to magnify objects over 1000 years ago.

4. Anthony van Leeuwenhoek
The History
Hans and Zacharias Janssen of Holland in the 1590’s created the “first” compound microscope
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke made improvements by working on the lenses
Robert Hooke
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek
Hooke Microscope

5. Important Cell Scientists
• Van Leewenhoek - Lenses &
Microscopes(late 1700s, early
1800s)
• Hooke (1665) - Cellular nature of
cork
• Schleiden (1838) - Plant cells
• Schwann (1839) - Animal cells
• Virchow (1858) - All cells from
preexisting cells

6. How Does a Microscope Work?
the specimen
the image
the eye
Each lens magnifies the
image, increasing its
overall size
A lens is a bi-convex disk that bends light
The bent rays produces an image
The farther the light rays are bent, the larger the image appears

7. Types of Microscopes

8. • Simple • Compound • Stereoscopic • Electron
Types of microscopes
• Simple
• Compound
• Stereoscopic
• Electron

9. Simple Microscope
Similar to a magnifying glass and has only one lens.

10. Lets light pass through an object and then through two or more lenses.
Compound Microscope
Lets light pass through an object and then through two or more lenses.

11. Binocular (Stereoscopic) Microscopes
Gives a three dimensional view of an object.
(Examples: insects and leaves)

12. The Electron Microscope
Uses electrons instead of visible light as its medium
Exceptional magnification and Resolution

13. The Parts of a Microscope

14. Parts of Microscope Ocular Lens (Magnifies Image) Objective Lens
(Gathers Light,
Magnifies
And Focuses Image
Inside Body Tube)
Body Tube
(Image Focuses)
Bending Light: The objective (bottom) convex lens magnifies and focuses (bends) the image inside the body tube and the ocular convex (top) lens of a microscope magnifies it (again).

15. Ocular Lens
Body Tube
Nose Piece
Arm
Objective
Lenses
Stage
Stage
Clips
Coarse Adj.
Diaphragm
Fine Adjustment
Light Source
Base
Skip to Magnification Section

16. Body Tube
The body tube holds the objective lenses and the ocular lens at the proper distance
Diagram

17. Nose Piece
The Nose Piece holds the objective lenses and can be turned to increase the magnification
Diagram

18. Objective Lenses
The Objective Lenses increase magnification (usually from 10x to 40x)
Diagram

19. Stage Clips
These 2 clips hold the slide/specimen in place on the stage.
Diagram

20. Diaphragm
The Diaphragm controls the amount of light on the slide/specimen
Turn to let more light in or to
make dimmer.
Diagram

21. Light Source
Projects light upwards through the diaphragm, the specimen and the lenses
Some have lights, others have mirrors where you must move the mirror to reflect light
Diagram

22. Ocular Lens/Eyepiece
Magnifies the specimen image
Diagram

23. Arm
Used to support the microscope when carried. Holds the body tube, nose piece and objective lenses
Diagram

24. Stage
Supports the slide/specimen
Diagram

25. Coarse Adjustment Knob
Moves the stage up and down (quickly) for focusing your image
Diagram

26. Fine Adjustment Knob
This knob moves the stage SLIGHTLY to sharpen the image
Diagram

27. Base
Supports the microscope
Diagram

28. Magnification

29. Magnification
To determine your magnification…you just multiply the ocular lens by the objective lens
Ocular 10x Objective 40x:10 x 40 = 400
So the object is 400 times “larger”
Objective Lens have
their magnification
written on them.
Ocular lenses usually magnifies by 10x

30. Caring for a Microscope
Clean only with a soft cloth/tissue
Make sure it’s on a flat surface
Don’t bang it
Carry it with 2 HANDS…one on the arm and the other on the base

31. Carry a Microscope Correctly

32. Using a Microscope Start on the lowest magnification
Don’t use the coarse adjustment knob on high magnification…you’ll break the slide!!!
Place slide on stage and lock clips
Adjust light source (if it’s a mirror…don’t stand in front of it!)
Use fine adjustment to focus

33. References http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n17/history/neurons1_i.htm
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