1. MICROSCOPE By:Ir. W.Wulandari, M.Pd Biology Department
Mathematic and Science Faculty
Universitas Negeri Surabaya

2. Human naked eyes cannot observe objects with size smaller than 0.1 mm

3. Microscope is a tool that is used to observed microscopic objects that cannot be seen with the naked eyes.
A light microscope works by means of centralizing light caught by our eyes to form a magnified image of an object.

4. The first useful microscope was developed in the Netherlands in the early 1600s.
2. Three different eyeglass makers have been given credit for the invention: Hans Lippershey (who also developed the first real telescope); Hans Janssen; and his son, Zacharias.

5. Objectives To know parts and their functions of a microscope
To use a microscope correctly

6. Light microscope Stereo microscope
A stereo microscope is often used for lower-power magnification on large subjects

7. Electron Microscope
Electron microscopes, which use beams of electrons instead of light, are designed for very high magnification usage.
Electrons, which have a much smaller wavelength than visible light, allow a much higher resolution.

8. Microscope Parts Eyepiece Coarse Adjustment Body tube Fine Adjustment
Revolver
Arm
Objective lens
Stage
Stage Clips
Hole
Diaphragm
Base
Mirror

9. Microscope Parts   
Body tube
Revolver
Stage Clips
Arm
Base

10. Parts of Microscope and their function
Eyepiece (Lensa Okuler): to magnify image you look through
Coarse adjusment (Pemutar Kasar): focuses the image under low power
Body tube (Tabung): connect the eyepiece to the revolving nose piece
Fine adjustment (Pemutar Halus): sharpens the image under high and low magnification

11. Revolver (Pemutar Lensa): holds and turns the objectives into viewing position
Low-power objective Lens (Lensa Objektif Pembesaran Lemah): contains the lens with lower power magnification
High-power objective Lens (Lensa Objektif Pembesaran Kuat): contains the lens with high (the most) magnification
Arm (Lengan Mikroskop): support the body tube.

12. Stage (Meja Benda): platform used to support the microscope slide
Stage clips (Penjepit): hold the microscope slide in place
Diaphragm (Diafragma): regulates the amount of light entering the body tube
Mirror (Cermin): allows light to go upward through the diaphragm, the specimen, and the lenses
Base (Kaki Mikroskop): provides support for the microscope

13. How to figure out the Magnification?
Eyepiece Objective Lens Magnification
Low Power X X X
High Power X X X

14. Working with your microscope !
Seven easy steps for beginners !
Place the microscope on flat surface. The arm should be toward you.
Look through the eyepiece. Open the diaphragm.
Adjust the mirror until you can see the most light coming through the tube.

15. Place the slide so that the material to be observed is in the middle of the hole on the stage.
Turn the nosepiece to the low- or medium-power objective- never start to the high-power.
Turn the coarse adjustment until the objective goes as far as it can without touching the slide.
Finally, look through the eyepiece and sharpens the image by turning the fine adjustment.

16. Attentions !!
Always carry the microscope by holding the arm with one hand and supporting the base with the other hand.
2. Do not touch the lenses with your finger.
3. Always focus first with lower-power objective.
4. Do not use coarse adjustment when the high power objective is in place.

17. Once you have examined the specimen under low power, try this:
fiddle with the mirror. Sometimes you can change the light and see the specimen in a different way.
as you look through the eyepiece, try moving the slide to see different parts of the specimen. This takes practice.
try a high-power objective, but expect the light to be dimmer. You will probably have to change the focus a bit.

18. Position of Object Glass and Cover Glass

19. Student Activity:
Observing Pond Water

20. Have you ever thought that life exists in a very small drop of water?
You will not be able to observe it with your naked eyes.
Therefore, you need to conduct an observation under a microscope

21. What you would need Microscope Object glass Cover glass Pipette
Pond Water
Chemical glass 100 ml

22. What you should do
Select a water environment (river, gutter, well, etc), in your school area and take samples of water. Observe what is inside the water by taking a drop of water
Observe and draw the organism seen under the microscope
How many kinds of organisms can you observe?

23. Observation Result

24. THANK YOU !!!