1. Origins of Sociology

2. Development of Sociology
Social and political changes in Europe as a result of the Industrial Revolution & French Revolution
Growth of urban population produced social problems
How does urban life differ from rural life?
It became difficult to ignore the changes in society

3. VideoS Industrial Revolution
French Revolution

4. Sociologists

5. Auguste Comte

6. Auguste Comte Father of Sociology
The French Revolution caused him to be interested in social order and social change
Believed social behavior had to be studied scientifically
Wanted to use scientific observation in the study of social behavior
Sociology should be a science based on knowledge of which can be positive or sure
Distinguished between social stability and social change

7. Harriet Martineau

8. Harriet Martineau Translated Comte’s Positive Philosophy
She made many contributions in research methods, political economy, and feminist theory
Saw a link between slavery and the oppression of women
Strong and outspoken supporter of the emancipation of women and enslaved people

9. Herbert Spencer

10. Herbert Spencer
Was a civil engineer but quit to study sociology when he inherited a large sum
Compared sociology to the human body… Like a body, society is composed of parts working together to promote its well- being and survival
Was a fan of Charles Darwin—Who was he?
Social Darwinism
Evolutionary social change led to progress
If left alone, natural social selection would ensure the survival of the fittest society
Said the poor deserved to be poor and the rich deserved to be rich
Society profits from allowing individuals to find their own social class level without outside help or hindrance

11. Karl Marx

12. Karl Marx Did not see himself as a sociologist
Thought sociologists should help change the world rather than just study it
Thought society was divided into two classes (capitalists and workers)
Said that capitalists own the means of production and the workers own nothing and work to produce needed goods
Thought this system would only come to an end if the workers rebelled
Communism

13. Emile Durkheim

14. Emile Durkheim
One of the first sociologists to apply science to the study of society
Society exists because of a broad consensus among members of a society
Specialized roles make members of a society dependent on one another for goods and services
Shoed that human social behavior must be explained by social factors rather than just psychological ones

15. Max Weber

16. Max Weber
Was affected psychologically by the very different views of his parents, which led to a mental breakdown
Was interested in separate groups of society
This led him to study the effects of society on the individual
Thought sociologists should uncover the feelings and thoughts of individuals (not just direct observation)
Put yourself in other people’s shoes to see their point of view
Must discover the personal meanings, values, beliefs, and attitudes underlying human social behavior

17. Sociology in America

18. USA!
In 1892, the first department of sociology was established at the University of Chicago
Following WWII, sociology departments emerged in universities across the U.S.

19. American Sociologists
Jane Addams
W.E.B. DuBois
Booker T. Washington
Robert Ezra Park
George Herbert Mead
Julian Samora