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Inheritance
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The Body Forms 2 Types of Cells:
1. somatic cells, or body cells, have 2 of each kind of chromosome (a pair) the pair of chromosomes are called homologous because they carry the same traits these cells are diploid (2n)
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2. sex cells, or gametes, have only one of each chromosome
these cells are haploid (n)
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There are 2 Types of Cell Division:
mitosis produces somatic cells 2 daughter cells are identical to parent all cells are diploid takes place in most body cells needed for growth and repair
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meiosis produces sex cells
parent cell divides 2 times produces 4 unique daughter cells daughter cells are haploid
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meiosis, cont. takes place in only 2 organs:
in females (♀), eggs are produced in the ovaries (oogenesis) in males (♂), sperm are produced in the testes (spermatogenesis)
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sexual reproduction involves the production and fusion of sex cells
when a sperm fertilizes an egg, a zygote is formed
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Stages of Meiosis Interphase cell is growing DNA replicates
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Meiosis I Prophase I homologous chromosomes pair up (synapsis) and form a tetrad sometimes non-sister chromatids exchange genetic information during crossing over
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crossing over increases genetic variation
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Meiosis I Metaphase I tetrads line up
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Meiosis I Anaphase I homologous pairs are split up
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Meiosis I Telophase I/ Cytokinesis 2 haploid nuclei are formed
2 daughter cells still contain sister chromatids Interkinesis break period between the 2 divisions
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Meiosis II Prophase II a new spindle forms
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Meiosis II Metaphase II
each chromosome lines up at the midline of the cell
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Meiosis II Anaphase II the sister chromatids are separated and move to opposite ends of cell
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Meiosis II Telophase II two new nuclei are formed
each nucleus contains a haploid(n) number of chromosomes Cytokinesis the end result of meiosis is 4 haploid daughter cells
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