1. Sensation and Perception
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2. The Difference Between Sensation and Perception
The process in which receptor cells are stimulated and relay information to higher brain centers
Perception
The process by which an organism selects and interprets sensory input so it acquires meaning

3. How Do We Perceive Form and Substance?
A. Perception of Form: Constancy
1. Size Constancy
Three variables determine size constancy
Previous experience with the true size of the object
The distance between the object and the person
The presence of surrounding objects
2. Shape Constancy

4. How Do We Perceive Form and Substance?
B. Depth Perception
Allows a person to
Estimate distance from an object
Estimate the distance between objects
Perceive height, width, and depth
Two types of Cues
1. Monocular Cues
Do not depend on the use of both eyes
Used for paintings and far distances

5. Depth Perception Binocular cues Cues that require the use of both eyes
Predominant at close distances

6. Conscious experience is more than the sum of its parts
Gestalt Laws of Organization
How we organize our perceptions into wholes
Conscious experience is more than the sum of its parts
The Law of Prägnanz
Stimuli that can be grouped together as a whole will be seen that way
We see the simplest shape possible
Define the figure-ground relationship

7. Gestalt Laws of Organization
1. Law of proximity (items close in space or time)
2. Law of similarity (similar items)
3. Law of continuity (a string of items)
4. Common fate principle (items that move or change together will be perceived as a whole)
5. Law of Closure (filling in the gap)

8. Extrasensory Perception
ESP includes four phenomena
Telepathy - mind reading
Clairvoyance – ability to recognize objects or events not though ordinary senses
Precognition – knowing the future
Psychokinesis – ability to move objects using mental powers
Experimental evidence for ESP is generally weak